SpeciesKnotsGuides

Reef fish

Structure, shelter and food in one place: a reef gathers everything a fish needs. It is the densest habitat in the catalog, and the most demanding on tackle.

81 species documented

A reef concentrates life because it breaks the current and offers hundreds of hiding places. Species arrange themselves in layers: those that patrol above it, those that hug the structure, those that never leave their hole. That order dictates the fishing — a few metres of depth separate two worlds, and choosing the right one matters as much as choosing the bait.

The fight starts at the bite, not at the net. A fish hooked over a reef has one instinct: to go home. A second of hesitation and the line is grating over coral or rock. So you fish heavier here, with drags locked up and strong leaders, trading the stealth you lose for the security you gain.

It is also the most fragile habitat of all. A reef takes decades to build and seconds to break: place your lead rather than dragging it, never anchor on coral, and handle carefully anything you intend to release.

Coastal61

Big pelagics8

Bottom fish4

Sharks & rays4

Migratory3

Predators1

Species list

NameScientific nameMax sizeBest months
African pompanoAlectis ciliaris150 cmYear-round
Atlantic codGadus morhua200 cmOct–Apr
Atlantic goliath grouperEpinephelus itajara250 cmJun–Nov
Atlantic spadefishChaetodipterus faber90 cmMay–Sep
Atlantic wolffishAnarhichas lupus150 cmOct–May
Bigeye scadSelar crumenophthalmus70 cmYear-round
Bigeye trevallyCaranx sexfasciatus120 cmMar–Aug
Black grouperMycteroperca bonaci150 cmMar–Nov
Black jackCaranx lugubris100 cmMar–Nov
Black marlinIstiompax indica465 cmSep–Nov
Black rockfishSebastes melanops63 cmMay–Oct
Black sea bassCentropristis striata66 cmMay–Oct
Black snapperApsilus dentatus65 cmMar–Nov
Blackfin tunaThunnus atlanticus108 cmMar–Sep
Blacktip sharkCarcharhinus limbatus286 cmMar–Aug
Bluefin trevallyCaranx melampygus117 cmYear-round
BonefishAlbula vulpes104 cmMar–Nov
Cero mackerelScomberomorus regalis183 cmDec–Feb
Coney grouperCephalopholis fulva44 cmMar–Nov
Cottonmouth jackUraspis secunda50 cmYear-round
Crevalle jackCaranx hippos124 cmMar–Aug
Crimson jobfishPristipomoides filamentosus100 cmYear-round
Cubera snapperLutjanus cyanopterus160 cmMar–Nov
Deepwater longtail red snapperEtelis coruscans120 cmYear-round
Dog snapperLutjanus jocu128 cmMar–Nov
Dogtooth tunaGymnosarda unicolor248 cmMar–May, Sep–Nov
Doublespotted queenfishScomberoides lysan110 cmYear-round
Emperor red snapperLutjanus sebae116 cmYear-round
European congerConger conger300 cmJun–Nov
Gag grouperMycteroperca microlepis145 cmMar–Nov
Giant trevallyCaranx ignobilis170 cmJun–Aug
Golden trevallyGnathanodon speciosus120 cmYear-round
GraysbyCephalopholis cruentata42.6 cmMar–Nov
Great barracudaSphyraena barracuda200 cmYear-round
Great hammerheadSphyrna mokarran610 cmMar–Aug
Greater amberjackSeriola dumerili190 cmMar–Nov
Green humphead parrotfishBolbometopon muricatum130 cmYear-round
Grey snapperLutjanus griseus89 cmMar–Nov
Humpback red snapperLutjanus gibbus56.8 cmYear-round
Indo-Pacific tarponMegalops cyprinoides150 cmYear-round
Island trevallyCarangoides orthogrammus75 cmYear-round
KawakawaEuthynnus affinis100 cmMar–Nov
Kelp bassParalabrax clathratus72 cmMay–Sep
King mackerelScomberomorus cavalla184 cmYear-round
LadyfishElops saurus100 cmMar–May, Sep–Nov
Lane snapperLutjanus synagris60 cmMar–Aug
Longrakered trevallyUlua mentalis100 cmYear-round
Mackerel scadDecapterus macarellus46 cmYear-round
Mangrove red snapperLutjanus argentimaculatus150 cmYear-round
MilkfishChanos chanos180 cmYear-round
Mottled grouperMycteroperca rubra144 cmApr–Oct
Mutton snapperLutjanus analis94 cmMar–Nov
Narrow-barred Spanish mackerelScomberomorus commerson240 cmYear-round
Nassau grouperEpinephelus striatus122 cmDec–Feb
Northern red snapperLutjanus campechanus100 cmMar–Aug
Pacific sierraScomberomorus sierra99 cmOct–Mar
PermitTrachinotus falcatus122 cmMar–Nov
Pickhandle barracudaSphyraena jello150 cmYear-round
PollackPollachius pollachius130 cmSep–Apr
Rainbow parrotfishScarus guacamaia120 cmYear-round
Red grouperEpinephelus morio125 cmMar–May, Sep–Nov
Red hindEpinephelus guttatus76 cmMar–Nov
Rusty jobfishAphareus rutilans110 cmYear-round
Sawtooth barracudaSphyraena putnamae90 cmYear-round
Scalloped hammerheadSphyrna lewini430 cmJun–Nov
SheepsheadArchosargus probatocephalus91 cmDec–May
Snubnose pompanoTrachinotus blochii110 cmMar–Aug
Spotted seabassDicentrarchus punctatus70 cmMar–Nov
Stoplight parrotfishSparisoma viride64 cmYear-round
Striped bonitoSarda orientalis102 cmMar–May, Sep–Nov
TautogTautoga onitis91 cmApr–Jun, Oct–Dec
Tiger sharkGaleocerdo cuvier750 cmJun–Nov
Torpedo scadMegalaspis cordyla80 cmYear-round
Two-spot red snapperLutjanus bohar90 cmYear-round
Waigieu seaperchPsammoperca waigiensis47 cmMar
White grouperEpinephelus aeneus120 cmMar–May, Sep–Nov
White trevallyPseudocaranx dentex122 cmYear-round
Yellowspotted trevallyCarangoides fulvoguttatus120 cmYear-round
Yellowtail amberjackSeriola lalandi250 cmMar–Aug
Yellowtail scadAtule mate30 cmYear-round
Yellowtail snapperOcyurus chrysurus86 cmMar–Nov