Estuary fish
Where the river meets the sea, salinity changes twice a day. This is the richest and most shifting habitat in the catalog, and one of the few where fresh water and salt water meet.
145 species documented
An estuary cannot be read without the tide. The flood pushes salt water upstream and carries marine fish with it; the ebb drains the mudflats and concentrates everything leaving them into the channels. The two hours either side of slack water often decide the session, and the same spot can be excellent at one precise hour and empty two hours later.
Coloured water is the rule here, not the exception. Heavy water limits what fish can see, so they hunt by scent and vibration: strong natural baits and lures that move water beat finesse. Confluences, the tips of banks, channel mouths and bridge supports squeeze the current, and with it the food.
It is also a habitat that demands care. Mud banks cover quickly, channels fill in behind you, and you go out onto them only knowing the state of the tide and the way back.
Saltwater87

Atlantic horse mackerel
Trachurus trachurus
Big pelagics· 70 cm

Atlantic mackerel
Scomber scombrus
Big pelagics· 60 cm

Atlantic salmon
Salmo salar
Salmonids· 150 cm

Atlantic spadefish
Chaetodipterus faber
Coastal· 90 cm

Atlantic Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus maculatus
Big pelagics· 91 cm

Atlantic tripletail
Lobotes surinamensis
Coastal· 110 cm

Australian salmon
Arripis trutta
Big pelagics· 89 cm

Barramundi
Lates calcarifer
Predators· 200 cm

Black drum
Pogonias cromis
Coastal· 170 cm

Black Sea trout
Salmo labrax
Salmonids· 80 cm

Black seabream
Spondyliosoma cantharus
Coastal· 60 cm

Blackfin seabass
Lateolabrax latus
Coastal· 94 cm

Blacktip shark
Carcharhinus limbatus
Sharks & rays· 286 cm

Bluefish
Pomatomus saltatrix
Coastal· 130 cm

Boxlip mullet
Oedalechilus labeo
Coastal· 25 cm

Brill
Scophthalmus rhombus
Flatfish· 75 cm

Bull shark
Carcharhinus leucas
Sharks & rays· 360 cm

California Halibut
Paralichthys californicus
Flatfish· 152 cm

Chinese seabass
Lateolabrax spilonotus
Coastal· 102 cm

Chinook salmon
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Salmonids· 150 cm

Chum salmon
Oncorhynchus keta
Salmonids· 100 cm

Coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Salmonids· 108 cm

Common snook
Centropomus undecimalis
Coastal· 140 cm

Common sole
Solea solea
Flatfish· 70 cm

Crevalle jack
Caranx hippos
Coastal· 124 cm

European eel
Anguilla anguilla
Migratory· 130 cm

European flounder
Platichthys flesus
Flatfish· 60 cm

European seabass
Dicentrarchus labrax
Coastal· 103 cm

European Smelt
Osmerus eperlanus
Migratory· 30 cm

European sturgeon
Acipenser sturio
Sturgeons· 300 cm

Flathead grey mullet
Mugil cephalus
Coastal· 100 cm

Florida pompano
Trachinotus carolinus
Coastal· 64 cm

Garfish
Belone belone
Big pelagics· 94 cm

Gilthead seabream
Sparus aurata
Coastal· 70 cm

Golden grey mullet
Chelon auratus
Coastal· 61 cm

Grey snapper
Lutjanus griseus
Coastal· 89 cm

Indo-Pacific tarpon
Megalops cyprinoides
Migratory· 150 cm

Japanese seabass
Lateolabrax japonicus
Coastal· 102 cm

Kawakawa
Euthynnus affinis
Big pelagics· 100 cm

King threadfin
Polydactylus macrochir
Coastal· 170 cm

Ladyfish
Elops saurus
Migratory· 100 cm

Leaping mullet
Chelon saliens
Coastal· 40 cm

Leatherjacket
Oligoplites saurus
Coastal· 35 cm

Lookdown
Selene vomer
Coastal· 48.3 cm

Mangrove red snapper
Lutjanus argentimaculatus
Coastal· 150 cm

Masu salmon
Oncorhynchus masou
Salmonids· 79 cm

Meagre
Argyrosomus regius
Coastal· 230 cm

Milkfish
Chanos chanos
Coastal· 180 cm

Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus commerson
Big pelagics· 240 cm

Orangemouth corvina
Cynoscion xanthulus
Coastal· 129 cm

Pacific sierra
Scomberomorus sierra
Big pelagics· 99 cm

Pink salmon
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Salmonids· 76 cm

Pouting
Trisopterus luscus
Bottom fish· 46 cm

Rainbow smelt
Osmerus mordax
Migratory· 30 cm

Red drum
Sciaenops ocellatus
Coastal· 155 cm

Red porgy
Pagrus pagrus
Coastal· 91 cm

Roosterfish
Nematistius pectoralis
Coastal· 163 cm

Sand steenbras
Lithognathus mormyrus
Coastal· 55 cm

Sandbar shark
Carcharhinus plumbeus
Sharks & rays· 300 cm

Sea trout
Salmo trutta trutta
Salmonids· 100 cm

Senegalese sole
Solea senegalensis
Flatfish· 60 cm

Sheepshead
Archosargus probatocephalus
Coastal· 91 cm

Smooth-hound
Mustelus mustelus
Sharks & rays· 200 cm

Snubnose pompano
Trachinotus blochii
Coastal· 110 cm

So-iuy mullet
Planiliza haematocheilus
Coastal· 80 cm

Sockeye salmon
Oncorhynchus nerka
Salmonids· 84 cm

Southern flounder
Paralichthys lethostigma
Flatfish· 83 cm

Spotted Sand Bass
Paralabrax maculatofasciatus
Coastal· 67 cm

Spotted seabass
Dicentrarchus punctatus
Coastal· 70 cm

Spotted seatrout
Cynoscion nebulosus
Coastal· 100 cm

Starry smooth-hound
Mustelus asterias
Sharks & rays· 154 cm

Striped bass
Morone saxatilis
Coastal· 200 cm

Striped bonito
Sarda orientalis
Big pelagics· 102 cm

Summer flounder
Paralichthys dentatus
Flatfish· 94 cm

Talang queenfish
Scomberoides commersonnianus
Coastal· 120 cm

Tarpon
Megalops atlanticus
Migratory· 250 cm

Thicklip grey mullet
Chelon labrosus
Coastal· 75 cm

Thinlip grey mullet
Chelon ramada
Coastal· 70 cm

Tiger shark
Galeocerdo cuvier
Sharks & rays· 750 cm

Tope shark
Galeorhinus galeus
Sharks & rays· 193 cm

Waigieu seaperch
Psammoperca waigiensis
Coastal· 47 cm

Weakfish
Cynoscion regalis
Coastal· 98 cm

White grouper
Epinephelus aeneus
Coastal· 120 cm

White mullet
Mugil curema
Coastal· 91 cm

White perch
Morone americana
Coastal· 58 cm

White trevally
Pseudocaranx dentex
Coastal· 122 cm

Whiting
Merlangius merlangus
Bottom fish· 91.5 cm
Freshwater58

Adriatic sturgeon
Acipenser naccarii
Sturgeons· 200 cm

African pike
Hepsetus odoe
Predators· 44.2 cm

Alligator gar
Atractosteus spatula
Predators· 260 cm

American eel
Anguilla rostrata
Migratory· 152 cm

Amur pike
Esox reichertii
Predators· 115 cm

Aquitanian pike
Esox aquitanicus
Predators· 100 cm

Arawana
Osteoglossum bicirrhosum
Predators· 90 cm

Arctic char
Salvelinus alpinus
Salmonids· 107 cm

Balkhash perch
Perca schrenkii
Predators· 50 cm

Beluga sturgeon
Huso huso
Sturgeons· 700 cm

Black crappie
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
Predators· 49 cm

Blue catfish
Ictalurus furcatus
Catfish· 165 cm

Butterfly peacock bass
Cichla ocellaris
Predators· 74 cm

Catla
Labeo catla
Carp & coarse· 182 cm

Chub
Squalius cephalus
Carp & coarse· 60 cm

Danube bleak
Alburnus chalcoides
Carp & coarse· 40 cm

Dolly Varden
Salvelinus malma
Salmonids· 127 cm

Elongate tigerfish
Hydrocynus forskahlii
Predators· 78 cm

Golden Dorado
Salminus brasiliensis
Predators· 100 cm

Italian bleak
Alburnus arborella
Carp & coarse· 12.7 cm

Japanese eel
Anguilla japonica
Migratory· 150 cm

Jari peacock bass
Cichla jariina
Predators· 34 cm

Kumakuma
Brachyplatystoma filamentosum
Catfish· 360 cm

Mango tilapia
Sarotherodon galilaeus
Other· 40 cm

Monoculus peacock bass
Cichla monoculus
Predators· 70 cm

Mooneye
Hiodon tergisus
Other· 47 cm

Mozambique tilapia
Oreochromis mossambicus
Other· 39 cm

Muskellunge
Esox masquinongy
Predators· 183 cm

Orinoco peacock bass
Cichla orinocensis
Predators· 61.7 cm

Paraná pacu
Piaractus mesopotamicus
Carp & coarse· 80 cm

Pike characin
Acestrorhynchus falcatus
Predators· 30 cm

Pinima peacock bass
Cichla pinima
Predators· 52 cm

Redbelly tilapia
Coptodon zillii
Other· 40 cm

Round whitefish
Prosopium cylindraceum
Salmonids· 59 cm

Ruffe
Gymnocephalus cernua
Predators· 29 cm

Russian sturgeon
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
Sturgeons· 236 cm

Sakhalin taimen
Parahucho perryi
Salmonids· 200 cm

Sauger
Sander canadensis
Predators· 76 cm

Sheefish
Stenodus leucichthys
Salmonids· 150 cm

Short-finned eel
Anguilla australis
Migratory· 130 cm

Siberian sturgeon
Acipenser baerii
Sturgeons· 200 cm

Sichel
Pelecus cultratus
Carp & coarse· 60 cm

Southern African pike
Hepsetus cuvieri
Predators· 37 cm

Southern Iberian chub
Squalius pyrenaicus
Carp & coarse· 26 cm

Southern saratoga
Scleropages leichardti
Predators· 100 cm

Spotted Sorubim
Pseudoplatystoma corruscans
Catfish· 182 cm

Three spotted tilapia
Oreochromis andersonii
Other· 61 cm

Tiger fish
Hydrocynus vittatus
Predators· 105 cm

Tiger muskellunge
Esox lucius x masquinongy
Predators

Tiger-fish
Hydrocynus brevis
Predators· 86 cm

Trahira
Hoplias malabaricus
Predators· 65 cm

Wallago catfish
Wallago attu
Catfish· 240 cm

Walleye
Sander vitreus
Predators· 107 cm

White bass
Morone chrysops
Predators· 45 cm

White crappie
Pomoxis annularis
Predators· 53 cm

White Sturgeon
Acipenser transmontanus
Sturgeons· 610 cm

Xingu peacock bass
Cichla melaniae
Predators· 36 cm

Yellow peacock bass
Cichla kelberi
Predators· 58.5 cm
Species list
| Name | Scientific name | Max size | Best months |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adriatic sturgeon | Acipenser naccarii | 200 cm | Mar–Nov |
| African pike | Hepsetus odoe | 44.2 cm | Jun–Dec |
| Alligator gar | Atractosteus spatula | 260 cm | Mar–Nov |
| American eel | Anguilla rostrata | 152 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Amur pike | Esox reichertii | 115 cm | Year-round |
| Aquitanian pike | Esox aquitanicus | 100 cm | Year-round |
| Arawana | Osteoglossum bicirrhosum | 90 cm | Year-round |
| Arctic char | Salvelinus alpinus | 107 cm | Jun–Feb |
| Atlantic horse mackerel | Trachurus trachurus | 70 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Atlantic mackerel | Scomber scombrus | 60 cm | Apr–Sep |
| Atlantic salmon | Salmo salar | 150 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Atlantic spadefish | Chaetodipterus faber | 90 cm | May–Sep |
| Atlantic Spanish mackerel | Scomberomorus maculatus | 91 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Atlantic tripletail | Lobotes surinamensis | 110 cm | May–Sep |
| Australian salmon | Arripis trutta | 89 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Balkhash perch | Perca schrenkii | 50 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Barramundi | Lates calcarifer | 200 cm | Mar |
| Beluga sturgeon | Huso huso | 700 cm | Apr–Jun |
| Black crappie | Pomoxis nigromaculatus | 49 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Black drum | Pogonias cromis | 170 cm | Sep–May |
| Black Sea trout | Salmo labrax | 80 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Black seabream | Spondyliosoma cantharus | 60 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Blackfin seabass | Lateolabrax latus | 94 cm | Mar–May, Sep–Nov |
| Blacktip shark | Carcharhinus limbatus | 286 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Blue catfish | Ictalurus furcatus | 165 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Bluefish | Pomatomus saltatrix | 130 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Boxlip mullet | Oedalechilus labeo | 25 cm | Mar–Sep |
| Brill | Scophthalmus rhombus | 75 cm | Apr–Oct |
| Bull shark | Carcharhinus leucas | 360 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Butterfly peacock bass | Cichla ocellaris | 74 cm | Year-round |
| California Halibut | Paralichthys californicus | 152 cm | Mar–Oct |
| Catla | Labeo catla | 182 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Chinese seabass | Lateolabrax spilonotus | 102 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Chinook salmon | Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | 150 cm | Jun–Feb |
| Chub | Squalius cephalus | 60 cm | Apr–Oct |
| Chum salmon | Oncorhynchus keta | 100 cm | Jun–Feb |
| Coho salmon | Oncorhynchus kisutch | 108 cm | Jun–Feb |
| Common snook | Centropomus undecimalis | 140 cm | May–Sep |
| Common sole | Solea solea | 70 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Crevalle jack | Caranx hippos | 124 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Danube bleak | Alburnus chalcoides | 40 cm | Apr–Sep |
| Dolly Varden | Salvelinus malma | 127 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Elongate tigerfish | Hydrocynus forskahlii | 78 cm | Jun–Jan |
| European eel | Anguilla anguilla | 130 cm | Mar–Nov |
| European flounder | Platichthys flesus | 60 cm | Mar–Nov |
| European seabass | Dicentrarchus labrax | 103 cm | Jun–Oct |
| European Smelt | Osmerus eperlanus | 30 cm | Sep–Apr |
| European sturgeon | Acipenser sturio | 300 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Flathead grey mullet | Mugil cephalus | 100 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Florida pompano | Trachinotus carolinus | 64 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Garfish | Belone belone | 94 cm | Mar–Oct |
| Gilthead seabream | Sparus aurata | 70 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Golden Dorado | Salminus brasiliensis | 100 cm | Sep–Apr |
| Golden grey mullet | Chelon auratus | 61 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Grey snapper | Lutjanus griseus | 89 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Indo-Pacific tarpon | Megalops cyprinoides | 150 cm | Year-round |
| Italian bleak | Alburnus arborella | 12.7 cm | Apr–Sep |
| Japanese eel | Anguilla japonica | 150 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Japanese seabass | Lateolabrax japonicus | 102 cm | Year-round |
| Jari peacock bass | Cichla jariina | 34 cm | Jul–Dec |
| Kawakawa | Euthynnus affinis | 100 cm | Mar–Nov |
| King threadfin | Polydactylus macrochir | 170 cm | May–Oct |
| Kumakuma | Brachyplatystoma filamentosum | 360 cm | Apr–Nov |
| Ladyfish | Elops saurus | 100 cm | Mar–May, Sep–Nov |
| Leaping mullet | Chelon saliens | 40 cm | Apr–Oct |
| Leatherjacket | Oligoplites saurus | 35 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Lookdown | Selene vomer | 48.3 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Mango tilapia | Sarotherodon galilaeus | 40 cm | Year-round |
| Mangrove red snapper | Lutjanus argentimaculatus | 150 cm | Year-round |
| Masu salmon | Oncorhynchus masou | 79 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Meagre | Argyrosomus regius | 230 cm | Year-round |
| Milkfish | Chanos chanos | 180 cm | Year-round |
| Monoculus peacock bass | Cichla monoculus | 70 cm | Jul–Jan |
| Mooneye | Hiodon tergisus | 47 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Mozambique tilapia | Oreochromis mossambicus | 39 cm | Year-round |
| Muskellunge | Esox masquinongy | 183 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel | Scomberomorus commerson | 240 cm | Year-round |
| Orangemouth corvina | Cynoscion xanthulus | 129 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Orinoco peacock bass | Cichla orinocensis | 61.7 cm | Jul–Nov |
| Pacific sierra | Scomberomorus sierra | 99 cm | Oct–Mar |
| Paraná pacu | Piaractus mesopotamicus | 80 cm | Nov–Mar |
| Pike characin | Acestrorhynchus falcatus | 30 cm | Year-round |
| Pinima peacock bass | Cichla pinima | 52 cm | May–Sep |
| Pink salmon | Oncorhynchus gorbuscha | 76 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Pouting | Trisopterus luscus | 46 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Rainbow smelt | Osmerus mordax | 30 cm | Dec–May |
| Red drum | Sciaenops ocellatus | 155 cm | Year-round |
| Red porgy | Pagrus pagrus | 91 cm | Year-round |
| Redbelly tilapia | Coptodon zillii | 40 cm | Year-round |
| Roosterfish | Nematistius pectoralis | 163 cm | May–Nov |
| Round whitefish | Prosopium cylindraceum | 59 cm | May–Oct |
| Ruffe | Gymnocephalus cernua | 29 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Russian sturgeon | Acipenser gueldenstaedtii | 236 cm | Apr–Jun, Sep–Oct |
| Sakhalin taimen | Parahucho perryi | 200 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Sand steenbras | Lithognathus mormyrus | 55 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Sandbar shark | Carcharhinus plumbeus | 300 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Sauger | Sander canadensis | 76 cm | Sep–May |
| Sea trout | Salmo trutta trutta | 100 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Senegalese sole | Solea senegalensis | 60 cm | Mar–Oct |
| Sheefish | Stenodus leucichthys | 150 cm | Jul–Mar |
| Sheepshead | Archosargus probatocephalus | 91 cm | Dec–May |
| Short-finned eel | Anguilla australis | 130 cm | Sep–Feb |
| Siberian sturgeon | Acipenser baerii | 200 cm | Year-round |
| Sichel | Pelecus cultratus | 60 cm | Apr–Sep |
| Smooth-hound | Mustelus mustelus | 200 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Snubnose pompano | Trachinotus blochii | 110 cm | Mar–Aug |
| So-iuy mullet | Planiliza haematocheilus | 80 cm | Apr–Oct |
| Sockeye salmon | Oncorhynchus nerka | 84 cm | Jun–Aug, Dec–Feb |
| Southern African pike | Hepsetus cuvieri | 37 cm | Nov–May |
| Southern flounder | Paralichthys lethostigma | 83 cm | Mar–Oct |
| Southern Iberian chub | Squalius pyrenaicus | 26 cm | Apr–Jun, Sep–Oct |
| Southern saratoga | Scleropages leichardti | 100 cm | Year-round |
| Spotted Sand Bass | Paralabrax maculatofasciatus | 67 cm | Mar–Oct |
| Spotted seabass | Dicentrarchus punctatus | 70 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Spotted seatrout | Cynoscion nebulosus | 100 cm | Year-round |
| Spotted Sorubim | Pseudoplatystoma corruscans | 182 cm | May–Sep |
| Starry smooth-hound | Mustelus asterias | 154 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Striped bass | Morone saxatilis | 200 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Striped bonito | Sarda orientalis | 102 cm | Mar–May, Sep–Nov |
| Summer flounder | Paralichthys dentatus | 94 cm | Apr–Nov |
| Talang queenfish | Scomberoides commersonnianus | 120 cm | Year-round |
| Tarpon | Megalops atlanticus | 250 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Thicklip grey mullet | Chelon labrosus | 75 cm | Year-round |
| Thinlip grey mullet | Chelon ramada | 70 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Three spotted tilapia | Oreochromis andersonii | 61 cm | Year-round |
| Tiger fish | Hydrocynus vittatus | 105 cm | Jun–Dec |
| Tiger muskellunge | Esox lucius x masquinongy | Year-round | |
| Tiger shark | Galeocerdo cuvier | 750 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Tiger-fish | Hydrocynus brevis | 86 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Tope shark | Galeorhinus galeus | 193 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Trahira | Hoplias malabaricus | 65 cm | Year-round |
| Waigieu seaperch | Psammoperca waigiensis | 47 cm | Mar |
| Wallago catfish | Wallago attu | 240 cm | Jun–Sep, Nov–Apr |
| Walleye | Sander vitreus | 107 cm | Year-round |
| Weakfish | Cynoscion regalis | 98 cm | Year-round |
| White bass | Morone chrysops | 45 cm | Mar–Nov |
| White crappie | Pomoxis annularis | 53 cm | Mar–Nov |
| White grouper | Epinephelus aeneus | 120 cm | Mar–May, Sep–Nov |
| White mullet | Mugil curema | 91 cm | Year-round |
| White perch | Morone americana | 58 cm | Mar–Nov |
| White Sturgeon | Acipenser transmontanus | 610 cm | Mar–May, Sep–Nov |
| White trevally | Pseudocaranx dentex | 122 cm | Year-round |
| Whiting | Merlangius merlangus | 91.5 cm | Oct–Apr |
| Xingu peacock bass | Cichla melaniae | 36 cm | May–Sep |
| Yellow peacock bass | Cichla kelberi | 58.5 cm | May–Dec |