Fish of Australia
The Great Barrier Reef in the northeast, temperate coasts in the south, an immense arid interior: Australia is a continent where fresh water is scarce and the sea is everywhere.
104 species documented
The Great Barrier Reef runs for more than two thousand kilometres and forms the largest reef system in the world. Its fauna belongs to the Indo-Pacific and is found, in part, as far as Southeast Asia — a striking contrast with the isolation of the same continent’s fresh waters.
The interior, by contrast, lacks water. The country’s main river system swings between prolonged drought and massive flood, and its fauna has adapted to that irregularity. Australian freshwater species are few but highly distinctive, many of them found nowhere else.
The temperate southern coasts present a third face, with colder water, kelp forests and a fauna distinct from the tropical north. Seasons there follow the southern hemisphere calendar.
Saltwater89

African pompano
Alectis ciliaris
Coastal· 150 cm

Albacore
Thunnus alalunga
Big pelagics· 140 cm

Almaco jack
Seriola rivoliana
Coastal· 160 cm

Atlantic cod
Gadus morhua
Bottom fish· 200 cm

Atlantic pomfret
Brama brama
Big pelagics· 100 cm

Atlantic tripletail
Lobotes surinamensis
Coastal· 110 cm

Australian bonito
Sarda australis
Big pelagics· 180 cm

Australian salmon
Arripis trutta
Big pelagics· 89 cm

Barramundi
Lates calcarifer
Predators· 200 cm

Bigeye scad
Selar crumenophthalmus
Coastal· 70 cm

Bigeye trevally
Caranx sexfasciatus
Coastal· 120 cm

Bigeye tuna
Thunnus obesus
Big pelagics· 250 cm

Black jack
Caranx lugubris
Coastal· 100 cm

Black marlin
Istiompax indica
Coastal· 465 cm

Blacktip shark
Carcharhinus limbatus
Sharks & rays· 286 cm

Blue marlin
Makaira nigricans
Coastal· 500 cm

Blue shark
Prionace glauca
Sharks & rays· 400 cm

Bluefin trevally
Caranx melampygus
Coastal· 117 cm

Bluefish
Pomatomus saltatrix
Coastal· 130 cm

Bull shark
Carcharhinus leucas
Sharks & rays· 360 cm

Bullet tuna
Auxis rochei
Big pelagics· 50 cm

Chinook salmon
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Salmonids· 150 cm

Cobia
Rachycentron canadum
Coastal· 200 cm

Common dolphinfish
Coryphaena hippurus
Big pelagics· 210 cm

Cottonmouth jack
Uraspis secunda
Coastal· 50 cm

Crimson jobfish
Pristipomoides filamentosus
Coastal· 100 cm

Deepwater longtail red snapper
Etelis coruscans
Coastal· 120 cm

Dogtooth tuna
Gymnosarda unicolor
Big pelagics· 248 cm

Doublespotted queenfish
Scomberoides lysan
Coastal· 110 cm

Dusky shark
Carcharhinus obscurus
Sharks & rays· 420 cm

Emperor red snapper
Lutjanus sebae
Coastal· 116 cm

Flathead grey mullet
Mugil cephalus
Coastal· 100 cm

Frigate tuna
Auxis thazard
Big pelagics· 65 cm

Giant trevally
Caranx ignobilis
Coastal· 170 cm

Golden trevally
Gnathanodon speciosus
Coastal· 120 cm

Great barracuda
Sphyraena barracuda
Coastal· 200 cm

Great hammerhead
Sphyrna mokarran
Sharks & rays· 610 cm

Great white shark
Carcharodon carcharias
Sharks & rays· 640 cm

Greater amberjack
Seriola dumerili
Coastal· 190 cm

Green humphead parrotfish
Bolbometopon muricatum
Coastal· 130 cm

Humpback red snapper
Lutjanus gibbus
Coastal· 56.8 cm

Indo-Pacific sailfish
Istiophorus platypterus
Coastal· 348 cm

Indo-Pacific tarpon
Megalops cyprinoides
Migratory· 150 cm

Island trevally
Carangoides orthogrammus
Coastal· 75 cm

John Dory
Zeus faber
Coastal· 90 cm

Kawakawa
Euthynnus affinis
Big pelagics· 100 cm

King threadfin
Polydactylus macrochir
Coastal· 170 cm

Longfin mako
Isurus paucus
Sharks & rays· 427 cm

Longrakered trevally
Ulua mentalis
Coastal· 100 cm

Longtail tuna
Thunnus tonggol
Big pelagics· 145 cm

Mackerel scad
Decapterus macarellus
Coastal· 46 cm

Mangrove red snapper
Lutjanus argentimaculatus
Coastal· 150 cm

Milkfish
Chanos chanos
Coastal· 180 cm

Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus commerson
Big pelagics· 240 cm

Oilfish
Ruvettus pretiosus
Big pelagics· 300 cm

Opah
Lampris guttatus
Big pelagics· 101 cm

Pacific bluefin tuna
Thunnus orientalis
Big pelagics· 300 cm

Pickhandle barracuda
Sphyraena jello
Coastal· 150 cm

Piked dogfish
Squalus acanthias
Sharks & rays· 160 cm

Pilotfish
Naucrates ductor
Coastal· 70 cm

Porbeagle
Lamna nasus
Sharks & rays· 350 cm

Rainbow runner
Elagatis bipinnulata
Coastal· 180 cm

Rusty jobfish
Aphareus rutilans
Coastal· 110 cm

Sandbar shark
Carcharhinus plumbeus
Sharks & rays· 300 cm

Sawtooth barracuda
Sphyraena putnamae
Coastal· 90 cm

Scalloped hammerhead
Sphyrna lewini
Sharks & rays· 430 cm

Shortbill spearfish
Tetrapturus angustirostris
Coastal· 230 cm

Shortfin mako
Isurus oxyrinchus
Sharks & rays· 445 cm

Silky shark
Carcharhinus falciformis
Sharks & rays· 350 cm

Skipjack tuna
Katsuwonus pelamis
Big pelagics· 110 cm

Smooth hammerhead
Sphyrna zygaena
Sharks & rays· 500 cm

Snubnose pompano
Trachinotus blochii
Coastal· 110 cm

Southern bluefin tuna
Thunnus maccoyii
Big pelagics· 245 cm

Striped bonito
Sarda orientalis
Big pelagics· 102 cm

Striped marlin
Kajikia audax
Coastal· 420 cm

Swordfish
Xiphias gladius
Big pelagics· 455 cm

Talang queenfish
Scomberoides commersonnianus
Coastal· 120 cm

Tiger shark
Galeocerdo cuvier
Sharks & rays· 750 cm

Tope shark
Galeorhinus galeus
Sharks & rays· 193 cm

Torpedo scad
Megalaspis cordyla
Coastal· 80 cm

Two-spot red snapper
Lutjanus bohar
Coastal· 90 cm

Wahoo
Acanthocybium solandri
Big pelagics· 250 cm

Waigieu seaperch
Psammoperca waigiensis
Coastal· 47 cm

White trevally
Pseudocaranx dentex
Coastal· 122 cm

Wreckfish
Polyprion americanus
Coastal· 210 cm

Yellowfin tuna
Thunnus albacares
Big pelagics· 239 cm

Yellowspotted trevally
Carangoides fulvoguttatus
Coastal· 120 cm

Yellowtail amberjack
Seriola lalandi
Coastal· 250 cm

Yellowtail scad
Atule mate
Coastal· 30 cm
Freshwater15

Amur carp
Cyprinus rubrofuscus
Carp & coarse· 28 cm

Australian bonytongue
Scleropages jardinii
Predators· 100 cm

Brook trout
Salvelinus fontinalis
Salmonids· 60 cm

Common carp
Cyprinus carpio
Carp & coarse· 129 cm

European perch
Perca fluviatilis
Predators· 50 cm

Golden perch
Macquaria ambigua
Predators· 76 cm

Goldfish
Carassius auratus
Carp & coarse· 48 cm

Mirror carp
Cyprinus carpio (forme miroir)
Carp & coarse· 129 cm

Mozambique tilapia
Oreochromis mossambicus
Other· 39 cm

Murray cod
Maccullochella peelii
Predators· 180 cm

Rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Salmonids· 123 cm

Roach
Rutilus rutilus
Carp & coarse· 50 cm

Short-finned eel
Anguilla australis
Migratory· 130 cm

Southern saratoga
Scleropages leichardti
Predators· 100 cm

Tench
Tinca tinca
Carp & coarse· 60 cm
Species list
| Name | Scientific name | Max size | Best months |
|---|---|---|---|
| African pompano | Alectis ciliaris | 150 cm | Year-round |
| Albacore | Thunnus alalunga | 140 cm | Mar–Sep |
| Almaco jack | Seriola rivoliana | 160 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Amur carp | Cyprinus rubrofuscus | 28 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Atlantic cod | Gadus morhua | 200 cm | Oct–Apr |
| Atlantic pomfret | Brama brama | 100 cm | Sep–Feb |
| Atlantic tripletail | Lobotes surinamensis | 110 cm | May–Sep |
| Australian bonito | Sarda australis | 180 cm | Sep–Mar |
| Australian bonytongue | Scleropages jardinii | 100 cm | Mar–Oct |
| Australian salmon | Arripis trutta | 89 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Barramundi | Lates calcarifer | 200 cm | Mar |
| Bigeye scad | Selar crumenophthalmus | 70 cm | Year-round |
| Bigeye trevally | Caranx sexfasciatus | 120 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Bigeye tuna | Thunnus obesus | 250 cm | Sep–Feb |
| Black jack | Caranx lugubris | 100 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Black marlin | Istiompax indica | 465 cm | Sep–Nov |
| Blacktip shark | Carcharhinus limbatus | 286 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Blue marlin | Makaira nigricans | 500 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Blue shark | Prionace glauca | 400 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Bluefin trevally | Caranx melampygus | 117 cm | Year-round |
| Bluefish | Pomatomus saltatrix | 130 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Brook trout | Salvelinus fontinalis | 60 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Bull shark | Carcharhinus leucas | 360 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Bullet tuna | Auxis rochei | 50 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Chinook salmon | Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | 150 cm | Jun–Feb |
| Cobia | Rachycentron canadum | 200 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Common carp | Cyprinus carpio | 129 cm | Jul–Sep |
| Common dolphinfish | Coryphaena hippurus | 210 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Cottonmouth jack | Uraspis secunda | 50 cm | Year-round |
| Crimson jobfish | Pristipomoides filamentosus | 100 cm | Year-round |
| Deepwater longtail red snapper | Etelis coruscans | 120 cm | Year-round |
| Dogtooth tuna | Gymnosarda unicolor | 248 cm | Mar–May, Sep–Nov |
| Doublespotted queenfish | Scomberoides lysan | 110 cm | Year-round |
| Dusky shark | Carcharhinus obscurus | 420 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Emperor red snapper | Lutjanus sebae | 116 cm | Year-round |
| European perch | Perca fluviatilis | 50 cm | Sep–Oct |
| Flathead grey mullet | Mugil cephalus | 100 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Frigate tuna | Auxis thazard | 65 cm | Year-round |
| Giant trevally | Caranx ignobilis | 170 cm | Jun–Aug |
| Golden perch | Macquaria ambigua | 76 cm | Sep–Feb |
| Golden trevally | Gnathanodon speciosus | 120 cm | Year-round |
| Goldfish | Carassius auratus | 48 cm | Apr–Oct |
| Great barracuda | Sphyraena barracuda | 200 cm | Year-round |
| Great hammerhead | Sphyrna mokarran | 610 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Great white shark | Carcharodon carcharias | 640 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Greater amberjack | Seriola dumerili | 190 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Green humphead parrotfish | Bolbometopon muricatum | 130 cm | Year-round |
| Humpback red snapper | Lutjanus gibbus | 56.8 cm | Year-round |
| Indo-Pacific sailfish | Istiophorus platypterus | 348 cm | Year-round |
| Indo-Pacific tarpon | Megalops cyprinoides | 150 cm | Year-round |
| Island trevally | Carangoides orthogrammus | 75 cm | Year-round |
| John Dory | Zeus faber | 90 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Kawakawa | Euthynnus affinis | 100 cm | Mar–Nov |
| King threadfin | Polydactylus macrochir | 170 cm | May–Oct |
| Longfin mako | Isurus paucus | 427 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Longrakered trevally | Ulua mentalis | 100 cm | Year-round |
| Longtail tuna | Thunnus tonggol | 145 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Mackerel scad | Decapterus macarellus | 46 cm | Year-round |
| Mangrove red snapper | Lutjanus argentimaculatus | 150 cm | Year-round |
| Milkfish | Chanos chanos | 180 cm | Year-round |
| Mirror carp | Cyprinus carpio (forme miroir) | 129 cm | Year-round |
| Mozambique tilapia | Oreochromis mossambicus | 39 cm | Year-round |
| Murray cod | Maccullochella peelii | 180 cm | Dec–May |
| Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel | Scomberomorus commerson | 240 cm | Year-round |
| Oilfish | Ruvettus pretiosus | 300 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Opah | Lampris guttatus | 101 cm | Mar–May, Sep–Nov |
| Pacific bluefin tuna | Thunnus orientalis | 300 cm | Apr–Sep |
| Pickhandle barracuda | Sphyraena jello | 150 cm | Year-round |
| Piked dogfish | Squalus acanthias | 160 cm | Sep–May |
| Pilotfish | Naucrates ductor | 70 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Porbeagle | Lamna nasus | 350 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Rainbow runner | Elagatis bipinnulata | 180 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Rainbow trout | Oncorhynchus mykiss | 123 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Roach | Rutilus rutilus | 50 cm | Mar–Oct |
| Rusty jobfish | Aphareus rutilans | 110 cm | Year-round |
| Sandbar shark | Carcharhinus plumbeus | 300 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Sawtooth barracuda | Sphyraena putnamae | 90 cm | Year-round |
| Scalloped hammerhead | Sphyrna lewini | 430 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Short-finned eel | Anguilla australis | 130 cm | Sep–Feb |
| Shortbill spearfish | Tetrapturus angustirostris | 230 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Shortfin mako | Isurus oxyrinchus | 445 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Silky shark | Carcharhinus falciformis | 350 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Skipjack tuna | Katsuwonus pelamis | 110 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Smooth hammerhead | Sphyrna zygaena | 500 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Snubnose pompano | Trachinotus blochii | 110 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Southern bluefin tuna | Thunnus maccoyii | 245 cm | Dec–May |
| Southern saratoga | Scleropages leichardti | 100 cm | Year-round |
| Striped bonito | Sarda orientalis | 102 cm | Mar–May, Sep–Nov |
| Striped marlin | Kajikia audax | 420 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Swordfish | Xiphias gladius | 455 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Talang queenfish | Scomberoides commersonnianus | 120 cm | Year-round |
| Tench | Tinca tinca | 60 cm | Jul–Aug |
| Tiger shark | Galeocerdo cuvier | 750 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Tope shark | Galeorhinus galeus | 193 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Torpedo scad | Megalaspis cordyla | 80 cm | Year-round |
| Two-spot red snapper | Lutjanus bohar | 90 cm | Year-round |
| Wahoo | Acanthocybium solandri | 250 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Waigieu seaperch | Psammoperca waigiensis | 47 cm | Mar |
| White trevally | Pseudocaranx dentex | 122 cm | Year-round |
| Wreckfish | Polyprion americanus | 210 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Yellowfin tuna | Thunnus albacares | 239 cm | Jun–Aug |
| Yellowspotted trevally | Carangoides fulvoguttatus | 120 cm | Year-round |
| Yellowtail amberjack | Seriola lalandi | 250 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Yellowtail scad | Atule mate | 30 cm | Year-round |