SpeciesKnotsGuides

Fish of Australia

The Great Barrier Reef in the northeast, temperate coasts in the south, an immense arid interior: Australia is a continent where fresh water is scarce and the sea is everywhere.

104 species documented

The Great Barrier Reef runs for more than two thousand kilometres and forms the largest reef system in the world. Its fauna belongs to the Indo-Pacific and is found, in part, as far as Southeast Asia — a striking contrast with the isolation of the same continent’s fresh waters.

The interior, by contrast, lacks water. The country’s main river system swings between prolonged drought and massive flood, and its fauna has adapted to that irregularity. Australian freshwater species are few but highly distinctive, many of them found nowhere else.

The temperate southern coasts present a third face, with colder water, kelp forests and a fauna distinct from the tropical north. Seasons there follow the southern hemisphere calendar.

Saltwater89

Freshwater15

Species list

NameScientific nameMax sizeBest months
African pompanoAlectis ciliaris150 cmYear-round
AlbacoreThunnus alalunga140 cmMar–Sep
Almaco jackSeriola rivoliana160 cmMar–Aug
Amur carpCyprinus rubrofuscus28 cmMar–Nov
Atlantic codGadus morhua200 cmOct–Apr
Atlantic pomfretBrama brama100 cmSep–Feb
Atlantic tripletailLobotes surinamensis110 cmMay–Sep
Australian bonitoSarda australis180 cmSep–Mar
Australian bonytongueScleropages jardinii100 cmMar–Oct
Australian salmonArripis trutta89 cmMar–Aug
BarramundiLates calcarifer200 cmMar
Bigeye scadSelar crumenophthalmus70 cmYear-round
Bigeye trevallyCaranx sexfasciatus120 cmMar–Aug
Bigeye tunaThunnus obesus250 cmSep–Feb
Black jackCaranx lugubris100 cmMar–Nov
Black marlinIstiompax indica465 cmSep–Nov
Blacktip sharkCarcharhinus limbatus286 cmMar–Aug
Blue marlinMakaira nigricans500 cmMar–Nov
Blue sharkPrionace glauca400 cmJun–Nov
Bluefin trevallyCaranx melampygus117 cmYear-round
BluefishPomatomus saltatrix130 cmMar–Nov
Brook troutSalvelinus fontinalis60 cmMar–Nov
Bull sharkCarcharhinus leucas360 cmMar–Nov
Bullet tunaAuxis rochei50 cmMar–Nov
Chinook salmonOncorhynchus tshawytscha150 cmJun–Feb
CobiaRachycentron canadum200 cmMar–Nov
Common carpCyprinus carpio129 cmJul–Sep
Common dolphinfishCoryphaena hippurus210 cmMar–Nov
Cottonmouth jackUraspis secunda50 cmYear-round
Crimson jobfishPristipomoides filamentosus100 cmYear-round
Deepwater longtail red snapperEtelis coruscans120 cmYear-round
Dogtooth tunaGymnosarda unicolor248 cmMar–May, Sep–Nov
Doublespotted queenfishScomberoides lysan110 cmYear-round
Dusky sharkCarcharhinus obscurus420 cmMar–Nov
Emperor red snapperLutjanus sebae116 cmYear-round
European perchPerca fluviatilis50 cmSep–Oct
Flathead grey mulletMugil cephalus100 cmMar–Nov
Frigate tunaAuxis thazard65 cmYear-round
Giant trevallyCaranx ignobilis170 cmJun–Aug
Golden perchMacquaria ambigua76 cmSep–Feb
Golden trevallyGnathanodon speciosus120 cmYear-round
GoldfishCarassius auratus48 cmApr–Oct
Great barracudaSphyraena barracuda200 cmYear-round
Great hammerheadSphyrna mokarran610 cmMar–Aug
Great white sharkCarcharodon carcharias640 cmJun–Nov
Greater amberjackSeriola dumerili190 cmMar–Nov
Green humphead parrotfishBolbometopon muricatum130 cmYear-round
Humpback red snapperLutjanus gibbus56.8 cmYear-round
Indo-Pacific sailfishIstiophorus platypterus348 cmYear-round
Indo-Pacific tarponMegalops cyprinoides150 cmYear-round
Island trevallyCarangoides orthogrammus75 cmYear-round
John DoryZeus faber90 cmMar–Nov
KawakawaEuthynnus affinis100 cmMar–Nov
King threadfinPolydactylus macrochir170 cmMay–Oct
Longfin makoIsurus paucus427 cmMar–Aug
Longrakered trevallyUlua mentalis100 cmYear-round
Longtail tunaThunnus tonggol145 cmMar–Nov
Mackerel scadDecapterus macarellus46 cmYear-round
Mangrove red snapperLutjanus argentimaculatus150 cmYear-round
MilkfishChanos chanos180 cmYear-round
Mirror carpCyprinus carpio (forme miroir)129 cmYear-round
Mozambique tilapiaOreochromis mossambicus39 cmYear-round
Murray codMaccullochella peelii180 cmDec–May
Narrow-barred Spanish mackerelScomberomorus commerson240 cmYear-round
OilfishRuvettus pretiosus300 cmJun–Nov
OpahLampris guttatus101 cmMar–May, Sep–Nov
Pacific bluefin tunaThunnus orientalis300 cmApr–Sep
Pickhandle barracudaSphyraena jello150 cmYear-round
Piked dogfishSqualus acanthias160 cmSep–May
PilotfishNaucrates ductor70 cmJun–Nov
PorbeagleLamna nasus350 cmMar–Nov
Rainbow runnerElagatis bipinnulata180 cmMar–Aug
Rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss123 cmMar–Nov
RoachRutilus rutilus50 cmMar–Oct
Rusty jobfishAphareus rutilans110 cmYear-round
Sandbar sharkCarcharhinus plumbeus300 cmMar–Nov
Sawtooth barracudaSphyraena putnamae90 cmYear-round
Scalloped hammerheadSphyrna lewini430 cmJun–Nov
Short-finned eelAnguilla australis130 cmSep–Feb
Shortbill spearfishTetrapturus angustirostris230 cmMar–Aug
Shortfin makoIsurus oxyrinchus445 cmMar–Nov
Silky sharkCarcharhinus falciformis350 cmJun–Nov
Skipjack tunaKatsuwonus pelamis110 cmMar–Nov
Smooth hammerheadSphyrna zygaena500 cmMar–Nov
Snubnose pompanoTrachinotus blochii110 cmMar–Aug
Southern bluefin tunaThunnus maccoyii245 cmDec–May
Southern saratogaScleropages leichardti100 cmYear-round
Striped bonitoSarda orientalis102 cmMar–May, Sep–Nov
Striped marlinKajikia audax420 cmMar–Nov
SwordfishXiphias gladius455 cmMar–Nov
Talang queenfishScomberoides commersonnianus120 cmYear-round
TenchTinca tinca60 cmJul–Aug
Tiger sharkGaleocerdo cuvier750 cmJun–Nov
Tope sharkGaleorhinus galeus193 cmMar–Nov
Torpedo scadMegalaspis cordyla80 cmYear-round
Two-spot red snapperLutjanus bohar90 cmYear-round
WahooAcanthocybium solandri250 cmMar–Aug
Waigieu seaperchPsammoperca waigiensis47 cmMar
White trevallyPseudocaranx dentex122 cmYear-round
WreckfishPolyprion americanus210 cmMar–Nov
Yellowfin tunaThunnus albacares239 cmJun–Aug
Yellowspotted trevallyCarangoides fulvoguttatus120 cmYear-round
Yellowtail amberjackSeriola lalandi250 cmMar–Aug
Yellowtail scadAtule mate30 cmYear-round