SpeciesKnotsGuides

Fish of the United States

From the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, from Rocky Mountain trout streams to the Florida coast, the United States covers nearly every fishing environment that exists.

236 species documented

Range is the defining feature. The country stretches from subarctic Alaska to subtropical Florida, with the Mississippi basin between them draining close to a third of the territory. One season can see ice fishing in the north and warm saltwater fishing in the south, a few flight hours apart.

Recreational fishing carries a cultural and economic weight found nowhere else, and it shows in the water itself. Management, stocking and monitoring programmes are old and large-scale, to the point that the present range of several popular species owes as much to deliberate introduction as to native distribution.

It is also where most modern lure techniques were born. A large part of the vocabulary used everywhere else comes from here, often carrying the name of the species those techniques were built around.

Saltwater140

Freshwater96

Species list

NameScientific nameMax sizeBest months
African pompanoAlectis ciliaris150 cmYear-round
AlbacoreThunnus alalunga140 cmMar–Sep
Alligator garAtractosteus spatula260 cmMar–Nov
Almaco jackSeriola rivoliana160 cmMar–Aug
American eelAnguilla rostrata152 cmMar–Nov
American PaddlefishPolyodon spathula200 cmMar–May
American plaiceHippoglossoides platessoides83 cmMay–Oct
American yellow perchPerca flavescens50 cmYear-round
Amur carpCyprinus rubrofuscus28 cmMar–Nov
Apache troutOncorhynchus apache58 cmMar–Nov
Arctic charSalvelinus alpinus107 cmJun–Feb
Arctic graylingThymallus arcticus76 cmMay–Oct
Atlantic bluefin tunaThunnus thynnus458 cmMay–Nov
Atlantic bonitoSarda sarda91.4 cmMar–Nov
Atlantic chub mackerelScomber colias55 cmMar–Nov
Atlantic codGadus morhua200 cmOct–Apr
Atlantic goliath grouperEpinephelus itajara250 cmJun–Nov
Atlantic halibutHippoglossus hippoglossus470 cmApr–Oct
Atlantic mackerelScomber scombrus60 cmApr–Sep
Atlantic salmonSalmo salar150 cmMar–Nov
Atlantic spadefishChaetodipterus faber90 cmMay–Sep
Atlantic Spanish mackerelScomberomorus maculatus91 cmMar–Nov
Atlantic tripletailLobotes surinamensis110 cmMay–Sep
Atlantic white marlinKajikia albida300 cmMar–Nov
Atlantic wolffishAnarhichas lupus150 cmOct–May
Bigeye latesLates mariae80 cmMay
Bigeye scadSelar crumenophthalmus70 cmYear-round
Bigeye trevallyCaranx sexfasciatus120 cmMar–Aug
Bigeye tunaThunnus obesus250 cmSep–Feb
Bighead carpHypophthalmichthys nobilis146 cmApr–Oct
Bigmouth buffaloIctiobus cyprinellus123 cmMar–Aug
Black bullheadAmeiurus melas66 cmMar–Nov
Black carpMylopharyngodon piceus180 cmApr–Oct
Black crappiePomoxis nigromaculatus49 cmMar–Nov
Black drumPogonias cromis170 cmSep–May
Black grouperMycteroperca bonaci150 cmMar–Nov
Black jackCaranx lugubris100 cmMar–Nov
Black rockfishSebastes melanops63 cmMay–Oct
Black sea bassCentropristis striata66 cmMay–Oct
Blackfin tunaThunnus atlanticus108 cmMar–Sep
Blacktip sharkCarcharhinus limbatus286 cmMar–Aug
Blue catfishIctalurus furcatus165 cmMar–Nov
Blue marlinMakaira nigricans500 cmMar–Nov
Blue sharkPrionace glauca400 cmJun–Nov
Blue tilapiaOreochromis aureus46 cmYear-round
Bluefin trevallyCaranx melampygus117 cmYear-round
BluefishPomatomus saltatrix130 cmMar–Nov
BluegillLepomis macrochirus41 cmMar–Nov
BonefishAlbula vulpes104 cmMar–Nov
BowfinAmia calva109 cmMar–Nov
Brook troutSalvelinus fontinalis60 cmMar–Nov
Brown bullheadAmeiurus nebulosus55 cmMar–Nov
Bull sharkCarcharhinus leucas360 cmMar–Nov
Bull troutSalvelinus confluentus103 cmMar–Nov
Bullet tunaAuxis rochei50 cmMar–Nov
Bullseye snakeheadChanna marulius183 cmYear-round
BurbotLota lota152 cmSep–May
Butterfly peacock bassCichla ocellaris74 cmYear-round
California HalibutParalichthys californicus152 cmMar–Oct
Cero mackerelScomberomorus regalis183 cmDec–Feb
Chain pickerelEsox niger99 cmYear-round
Channel catfishIctalurus punctatus132 cmMar–Nov
Chinook salmonOncorhynchus tshawytscha150 cmJun–Feb
Chub mackerelScomber japonicus64 cmMar–Nov
Chum salmonOncorhynchus keta100 cmJun–Feb
CiscoCoregonus artedi57 cmSep–May
CobiaRachycentron canadum200 cmMar–Nov
Coho salmonOncorhynchus kisutch108 cmJun–Feb
Common carpCyprinus carpio129 cmJul–Sep
Common dolphinfishCoryphaena hippurus210 cmMar–Nov
Common snookCentropomus undecimalis140 cmMay–Sep
Coney grouperCephalopholis fulva44 cmMar–Nov
Cottonmouth jackUraspis secunda50 cmYear-round
Crevalle jackCaranx hippos124 cmMar–Aug
Crimson jobfishPristipomoides filamentosus100 cmYear-round
Cubera snapperLutjanus cyanopterus160 cmMar–Nov
Cutthroat troutOncorhynchus clarkii99 cmMar–Nov
Deepwater longtail red snapperEtelis coruscans120 cmYear-round
Dog snapperLutjanus jocu128 cmMar–Nov
Dolly VardenSalvelinus malma127 cmMar–Nov
Doublespotted queenfishScomberoides lysan110 cmYear-round
Dusky sharkCarcharhinus obscurus420 cmMar–Nov
Eastern Pacific bonitoSarda chiliensis102 cmMar–Nov
Flathead catfishPylodictis olivaris155 cmMar–Nov
Flathead grey mulletMugil cephalus100 cmMar–Nov
FlierCentrarchus macropterus29 cmMar–Nov
Florida garLepisosteus platyrhincus132 cmMar–Nov
Florida pompanoTrachinotus carolinus64 cmMar–Nov
Freshwater drumAplodinotus grunniens95 cmMar–Sep
Gag grouperMycteroperca microlepis145 cmMar–Nov
GarfishBelone belone94 cmMar–Oct
Giant trevallyCaranx ignobilis170 cmJun–Aug
Gila troutOncorhynchus gilae32 cmMar–Nov
Golden trevallyGnathanodon speciosus120 cmYear-round
Golden troutOncorhynchus aguabonita71 cmJun–Nov
GoldeyeHiodon alosoides52 cmMar–Nov
GoldfishCarassius auratus48 cmApr–Oct
Grass carpCtenopharyngodon idella150 cmMar–Nov
GraysbyCephalopholis cruentata42.6 cmMar–Nov
Great barracudaSphyraena barracuda200 cmYear-round
Great hammerheadSphyrna mokarran610 cmMar–Aug
Great white sharkCarcharodon carcharias640 cmJun–Nov
Greater amberjackSeriola dumerili190 cmMar–Nov
Green sunfishLepomis cyanellus31 cmMar–Nov
Grey snapperLutjanus griseus89 cmMar–Nov
Guadalupe bassMicropterus treculii46.4 cmMar–Oct
HaddockMelanogrammus aeglefinus112 cmSep–Apr
Humpback red snapperLutjanus gibbus56.8 cmYear-round
Indo-Pacific sailfishIstiophorus platypterus348 cmYear-round
Indonesian snakeheadChanna micropeltes130 cmMar–Nov
Island trevallyCarangoides orthogrammus75 cmYear-round
KawakawaEuthynnus affinis100 cmMar–Nov
Kelp bassParalabrax clathratus72 cmMay–Sep
King mackerelScomberomorus cavalla184 cmYear-round
LadyfishElops saurus100 cmMar–May, Sep–Nov
Lake sturgeonAcipenser fulvescens270 cmMar–Nov
Lake troutSalvelinus namaycush150 cmJun–Feb
Lake whitefishCoregonus clupeaformis100 cmSep–May
Lane snapperLutjanus synagris60 cmMar–Aug
Largemouth bassMicropterus salmoides97 cmJul–Sep
LeatherjacketOligoplites saurus35 cmMar–Aug
Little tunnyEuthynnus alletteratus122 cmYear-round
Longbill spearfishTetrapturus pfluegeri254 cmMar–Nov
Longear sunfishLepomis megalotis24 cmMar–Nov
Longfin makoIsurus paucus427 cmMar–Aug
Longfin tilapiaOreochromis macrochir43 cmYear-round
Longnose garLepisosteus osseus200 cmMar–Nov
LookdownSelene vomer48.3 cmMar–Nov
Mackerel scadDecapterus macarellus46 cmYear-round
MilkfishChanos chanos180 cmYear-round
Mirror carpCyprinus carpio (forme miroir)129 cmYear-round
MooneyeHiodon tergisus47 cmMar–Nov
Mountain whitefishProsopium williamsoni70 cmMay–Oct
Mozambique tilapiaOreochromis mossambicus39 cmYear-round
Mud sunfishAcantharchus pomotis21 cmMar–Nov
MuskellungeEsox masquinongy183 cmMar–Nov
Mutton snapperLutjanus analis94 cmMar–Nov
Nassau grouperEpinephelus striatus122 cmDec–Feb
Nile perchLates niloticus200 cmYear-round
Nile tilapiaOreochromis niloticus60 cmYear-round
Northern pikeEsox lucius137 cmSep–Nov
Northern red snapperLutjanus campechanus100 cmMar–Aug
Northern snakeheadChanna argus100 cmMar–Nov
OilfishRuvettus pretiosus300 cmJun–Nov
Orangemouth corvinaCynoscion xanthulus129 cmMar–Nov
Orangespotted sunfishLepomis humilis18 cmMar–Nov
Pacific barracudaSphyraena argentea145 cmMar–Nov
Pacific bluefin tunaThunnus orientalis300 cmApr–Sep
Pacific codGadus macrocephalus119 cmSep–Feb
Pacific halibutHippoglossus stenolepis258 cmMay–Oct
PermitTrachinotus falcatus122 cmMar–Nov
Piked dogfishSqualus acanthias160 cmSep–May
PilotfishNaucrates ductor70 cmJun–Nov
Pink salmonOncorhynchus gorbuscha76 cmJun–Nov
PompanoTrachinotus ovatus70 cmMar–Nov
Pompano dolphinfishCoryphaena equiselis146 cmMar–Aug
PorbeagleLamna nasus350 cmMar–Nov
PumpkinseedLepomis gibbosus25 cmMar–Nov
Rainbow parrotfishScarus guacamaia120 cmYear-round
Rainbow runnerElagatis bipinnulata180 cmMar–Aug
Rainbow smeltOsmerus mordax30 cmDec–May
Rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss123 cmMar–Nov
Red drumSciaenops ocellatus155 cmYear-round
Red grouperEpinephelus morio125 cmMar–May, Sep–Nov
Red hindEpinephelus guttatus76 cmMar–Nov
Red porgyPagrus pagrus91 cmYear-round
Redbelly tilapiaCoptodon zillii40 cmYear-round
Redbreast tilapiaCoptodon rendalli45 cmYear-round
Redear sunfishLepomis microlophus43 cmMar–Nov
Redeye bassMicropterus coosae47 cmApr–Oct
Redfin pickerelEsox americanusYear-round
Redtail catfishPhractocephalus hemioliopterus135 cmJun–Jan
Rock bassAmbloplites rupestris43 cmMar–Nov
Round whitefishProsopium cylindraceum59 cmMay–Oct
Roundscale spearfishTetrapturus georgii184 cmMar–Nov
RuddScardinius erythrophthalmus45 cmMar–Nov
RuffeGymnocephalus cernua29 cmMar–Nov
Sacramento perchArchoplites interruptus73 cmMar–Nov
SaithePollachius virens130 cmSep–May
Sandbar sharkCarcharhinus plumbeus300 cmMar–Nov
SaugerSander canadensis76 cmSep–May
Sawtooth barracudaSphyraena putnamae90 cmYear-round
Scalloped hammerheadSphyrna lewini430 cmJun–Nov
Shadow bassAmbloplites ariommus31 cmMar–Nov
SheefishStenodus leucichthys150 cmJul–Mar
SheepsheadArchosargus probatocephalus91 cmDec–May
Shoal bassMicropterus cataractae61 cmMar–Oct
Shortbill spearfishTetrapturus angustirostris230 cmMar–Aug
Shortfin makoIsurus oxyrinchus445 cmMar–Nov
Shortnose garLepisosteus platostomus88 cmMar–Nov
Siberian sturgeonAcipenser baerii200 cmYear-round
Silky sharkCarcharhinus falciformis350 cmJun–Nov
Silver carpHypophthalmichthys molitrix110 cmApr–Oct
Skipjack tunaKatsuwonus pelamis110 cmMar–Nov
Smallmouth bassMicropterus dolomieu69 cmApr–Oct
Smooth hammerheadSphyrna zygaena500 cmMar–Nov
Sockeye salmonOncorhynchus nerka84 cmJun–Aug, Dec–Feb
Southern flounderParalichthys lethostigma83 cmMar–Oct
Speckled peacock bassCichla temensis99 cmJun
Spotted bassMicropterus punctulatus64 cmApr–Nov
Spotted garLepisosteus oculatus150 cmMar–Nov
Spotted Sand BassParalabrax maculatofasciatus67 cmMar–Oct
Spotted seatroutCynoscion nebulosus100 cmYear-round
Stoplight parrotfishSparisoma viride64 cmYear-round
Striped bassMorone saxatilis200 cmMar–Nov
Striped bonitoSarda orientalis102 cmMar–May, Sep–Nov
Striped marlinKajikia audax420 cmMar–Nov
Summer flounderParalichthys dentatus94 cmApr–Nov
Suwannee bassMicropterus notius40 cmMar–Oct
SwordfishXiphias gladius455 cmMar–Nov
Tambaqui (black pacu)Colossoma macropomum110 cmDec–May
TarponMegalops atlanticus250 cmMar–Nov
TautogTautoga onitis91 cmApr–Jun, Oct–Dec
TenchTinca tinca60 cmJul–Aug
Tiger sharkGaleocerdo cuvier750 cmJun–Nov
Tope sharkGaleorhinus galeus193 cmMar–Nov
Two-spot red snapperLutjanus bohar90 cmYear-round
WahooAcanthocybium solandri250 cmMar–Aug
Walking catfishClarias batrachus47 cmMay–Oct
WalleyeSander vitreus107 cmYear-round
WarmouthLepomis gulosus31 cmMar–Nov
WeakfishCynoscion regalis98 cmYear-round
White bassMorone chrysops45 cmMar–Nov
White crappiePomoxis annularis53 cmMar–Nov
White mulletMugil curema91 cmYear-round
White perchMorone americana58 cmMar–Nov
White seabassAtractoscion nobilis166 cmMar–Nov
White SturgeonAcipenser transmontanus610 cmMar–May, Sep–Nov
White suckerCatostomus commersonii65 cmApr–May
White trevallyPseudocaranx dentex122 cmYear-round
WreckfishPolyprion americanus210 cmMar–Nov
Yellow bassMorone mississippiensis46 cmMar–Nov
Yellow bullheadAmeiurus natalis60 cmMar–Nov
Yellowfin tunaThunnus albacares239 cmJun–Aug
Yellowtail amberjackSeriola lalandi250 cmMar–Aug
Yellowtail snapperOcyurus chrysurus86 cmMar–Nov