Fish of Canada
Millions of lakes, two oceans and a winter that locks the water up for months: Canada is a country of cold-water fishing, and its season resembles no other.
103 species documented
The country holds more lakes than the rest of the world combined. That abundance, left by the glaciers, shapes a freshwater fishery dominated by large, cold, deep waters where fish live long and grow slowly — a good specimen is often several decades old.
Ice structures the year. A great many waters stay frozen for months, and ice fishing is not a curiosity but a season in its own right, with its own tackle and its own marks. The thaw opens a short, intense window in spring when fish move onto warming shallows.
On the coasts, the contrast is clear between a Pacific worked by salmonid runs and a cold, productive North Atlantic. Between them, Hudson Bay and the Arctic hold a fauna adapted to conditions few species tolerate.
Freshwater60

American eel
Anguilla rostrata
Migratory· 152 cm

American yellow perch
Perca flavescens
Predators· 50 cm

Amur carp
Cyprinus rubrofuscus
Carp & coarse· 28 cm

Arctic char
Salvelinus alpinus
Salmonids· 107 cm

Arctic grayling
Thymallus arcticus
Salmonids· 76 cm

Bigmouth buffalo
Ictiobus cyprinellus
Carp & coarse· 123 cm

Black bullhead
Ameiurus melas
Catfish· 66 cm

Black crappie
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
Predators· 49 cm

Bluegill
Lepomis macrochirus
Predators· 41 cm

Bowfin
Amia calva
Predators· 109 cm

Brook trout
Salvelinus fontinalis
Salmonids· 60 cm

Brown bullhead
Ameiurus nebulosus
Catfish· 55 cm

Bull trout
Salvelinus confluentus
Salmonids· 103 cm

Burbot
Lota lota
Bottom fish· 152 cm

Chain pickerel
Esox niger
Predators· 99 cm

Channel catfish
Ictalurus punctatus
Catfish· 132 cm

Cisco
Coregonus artedi
Salmonids· 57 cm

Common carp
Cyprinus carpio
Carp & coarse· 129 cm

Common dace
Leuciscus leuciscus
Carp & coarse· 40 cm

Cutthroat trout
Oncorhynchus clarkii
Salmonids· 99 cm

Dolly Varden
Salvelinus malma
Salmonids· 127 cm

Flathead catfish
Pylodictis olivaris
Catfish· 155 cm

Freshwater drum
Aplodinotus grunniens
Bottom fish· 95 cm

Golden trout
Oncorhynchus aguabonita
Salmonids· 71 cm

Goldeye
Hiodon alosoides
Other· 52 cm

Goldfish
Carassius auratus
Carp & coarse· 48 cm

Grass carp
Ctenopharyngodon idella
Carp & coarse· 150 cm

Green sunfish
Lepomis cyanellus
Predators· 31 cm

Indonesian snakehead
Channa micropeltes
Predators· 130 cm

Lake sturgeon
Acipenser fulvescens
Sturgeons· 270 cm

Lake trout
Salvelinus namaycush
Salmonids· 150 cm

Lake whitefish
Coregonus clupeaformis
Salmonids· 100 cm

Longnose gar
Lepisosteus osseus
Predators· 200 cm

Mirror carp
Cyprinus carpio (forme miroir)
Carp & coarse· 129 cm

Mooneye
Hiodon tergisus
Other· 47 cm

Mountain whitefish
Prosopium williamsoni
Salmonids· 70 cm

Muskellunge
Esox masquinongy
Predators· 183 cm

Northern pike
Esox lucius
Predators· 137 cm

Prussian carp
Carassius gibelio
Carp & coarse· 47 cm

Pumpkinseed
Lepomis gibbosus
Predators· 25 cm

Rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Salmonids· 123 cm

Redfin pickerel
Esox americanus
Predators

Rock bass
Ambloplites rupestris
Predators· 43 cm

Round whitefish
Prosopium cylindraceum
Salmonids· 59 cm

Rudd
Scardinius erythrophthalmus
Carp & coarse· 45 cm

Ruffe
Gymnocephalus cernua
Predators· 29 cm

Sauger
Sander canadensis
Predators· 76 cm

Sheefish
Stenodus leucichthys
Salmonids· 150 cm

Siberian sturgeon
Acipenser baerii
Sturgeons· 200 cm

Smallmouth bass
Micropterus dolomieu
Predators· 69 cm

Spotted gar
Lepisosteus oculatus
Predators· 150 cm

Tench
Tinca tinca
Carp & coarse· 60 cm

Vendace
Coregonus albula
Salmonids· 48 cm

Walleye
Sander vitreus
Predators· 107 cm

Warmouth
Lepomis gulosus
Predators· 31 cm

White bass
Morone chrysops
Predators· 45 cm

White crappie
Pomoxis annularis
Predators· 53 cm

White Sturgeon
Acipenser transmontanus
Sturgeons· 610 cm

White sucker
Catostomus commersonii
Bottom fish· 65 cm

Yellow bullhead
Ameiurus natalis
Catfish· 60 cm
Saltwater43

Albacore
Thunnus alalunga
Big pelagics· 140 cm

American plaice
Hippoglossoides platessoides
Flatfish· 83 cm

Atlantic bluefin tuna
Thunnus thynnus
Big pelagics· 458 cm

Atlantic chub mackerel
Scomber colias
Big pelagics· 55 cm

Atlantic cod
Gadus morhua
Bottom fish· 200 cm

Atlantic halibut
Hippoglossus hippoglossus
Flatfish· 470 cm

Atlantic mackerel
Scomber scombrus
Big pelagics· 60 cm

Atlantic salmon
Salmo salar
Salmonids· 150 cm

Atlantic wolffish
Anarhichas lupus
Bottom fish· 150 cm

Bigeye tuna
Thunnus obesus
Big pelagics· 250 cm

Black rockfish
Sebastes melanops
Bottom fish· 63 cm

Blue shark
Prionace glauca
Sharks & rays· 400 cm

Bluefish
Pomatomus saltatrix
Coastal· 130 cm

Chinook salmon
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Salmonids· 150 cm

Chub mackerel
Scomber japonicus
Big pelagics· 64 cm

Chum salmon
Oncorhynchus keta
Salmonids· 100 cm

Coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Salmonids· 108 cm

Common dolphinfish
Coryphaena hippurus
Big pelagics· 210 cm

Crevalle jack
Caranx hippos
Coastal· 124 cm

European flounder
Platichthys flesus
Flatfish· 60 cm

Great white shark
Carcharodon carcharias
Sharks & rays· 640 cm

Haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
Bottom fish· 112 cm

Little tunny
Euthynnus alletteratus
Big pelagics· 122 cm

Longfin mako
Isurus paucus
Sharks & rays· 427 cm

Pacific cod
Gadus macrocephalus
Bottom fish· 119 cm

Pacific halibut
Hippoglossus stenolepis
Flatfish· 258 cm

Piked dogfish
Squalus acanthias
Sharks & rays· 160 cm

Pilotfish
Naucrates ductor
Coastal· 70 cm

Pink salmon
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Salmonids· 76 cm

Porbeagle
Lamna nasus
Sharks & rays· 350 cm

Rainbow smelt
Osmerus mordax
Migratory· 30 cm

Saithe
Pollachius virens
Bottom fish· 130 cm

Skipjack tuna
Katsuwonus pelamis
Big pelagics· 110 cm

Sockeye salmon
Oncorhynchus nerka
Salmonids· 84 cm

Southern bluefin tuna
Thunnus maccoyii
Big pelagics· 245 cm

Striped bass
Morone saxatilis
Coastal· 200 cm

Summer flounder
Paralichthys dentatus
Flatfish· 94 cm

Swordfish
Xiphias gladius
Big pelagics· 455 cm

Tautog
Tautoga onitis
Coastal· 91 cm

Tope shark
Galeorhinus galeus
Sharks & rays· 193 cm

White mullet
Mugil curema
Coastal· 91 cm

White perch
Morone americana
Coastal· 58 cm

Yellowfin tuna
Thunnus albacares
Big pelagics· 239 cm
Species list
| Name | Scientific name | In French | Max size | Best months |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albacore | Thunnus alalunga | Germon | 140 cm | Mar–Sep |
| American eel | Anguilla rostrata | Anguille d'Amérique | 152 cm | Mar–Nov |
| American plaice | Hippoglossoides platessoides | Plie canadienne | 83 cm | May–Oct |
| American yellow perch | Perca flavescens | Perche jaune | 50 cm | Year-round |
| Amur carp | Cyprinus rubrofuscus | Carpe de l'Amour | 28 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Arctic char | Salvelinus alpinus | Omble arctique | 107 cm | Jun–Feb |
| Arctic grayling | Thymallus arcticus | Ombre arctique | 76 cm | May–Oct |
| Atlantic bluefin tuna | Thunnus thynnus | Thon rouge atlantique | 458 cm | May–Nov |
| Atlantic chub mackerel | Scomber colias | Maquereau espagnol | 55 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Atlantic cod | Gadus morhua | Cabillaud | 200 cm | Oct–Apr |
| Atlantic halibut | Hippoglossus hippoglossus | Flétan atlantique | 470 cm | Apr–Oct |
| Atlantic mackerel | Scomber scombrus | Maquereau commun | 60 cm | Apr–Sep |
| Atlantic salmon | Salmo salar | Saumon atlantique | 150 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Atlantic wolffish | Anarhichas lupus | Loup de mer atlantique | 150 cm | Oct–May |
| Bigeye tuna | Thunnus obesus | Thon obèse | 250 cm | Sep–Feb |
| Bigmouth buffalo | Ictiobus cyprinellus | Buffalo à grande bouche | 123 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Black bullhead | Ameiurus melas | Poisson-chat | 66 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Black crappie | Pomoxis nigromaculatus | Marigane noire | 49 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Black rockfish | Sebastes melanops | Sébaste noir | 63 cm | May–Oct |
| Blue shark | Prionace glauca | Requin peau bleue | 400 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Bluefish | Pomatomus saltatrix | Tassergal | 130 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Bluegill | Lepomis macrochirus | Crapet arlequin | 41 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Bowfin | Amia calva | Amie chauve | 109 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Brook trout | Salvelinus fontinalis | Omble de fontaine | 60 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Brown bullhead | Ameiurus nebulosus | Barbotte brune | 55 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Bull trout | Salvelinus confluentus | Omble à tête plate | 103 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Burbot | Lota lota | Lotte de rivière | 152 cm | Sep–May |
| Chain pickerel | Esox niger | Brochet maillé | 99 cm | Year-round |
| Channel catfish | Ictalurus punctatus | Barbue de rivière | 132 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Chinook salmon | Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | Saumon chinook (roi) | 150 cm | Jun–Feb |
| Chub mackerel | Scomber japonicus | Maquereau japonais | 64 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Chum salmon | Oncorhynchus keta | Saumon kéta (chien) | 100 cm | Jun–Feb |
| Cisco | Coregonus artedi | Cisco de lac | 57 cm | Sep–May |
| Coho salmon | Oncorhynchus kisutch | Saumon coho (argenté) | 108 cm | Jun–Feb |
| Common carp | Cyprinus carpio | Carpe commune | 129 cm | Jul–Sep |
| Common dace | Leuciscus leuciscus | Vandoise | 40 cm | Mar–Oct |
| Common dolphinfish | Coryphaena hippurus | Coryphène commune | 210 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Crevalle jack | Caranx hippos | Carangue crevalle | 124 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Cutthroat trout | Oncorhynchus clarkii | Truite fardée | 99 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Dolly Varden | Salvelinus malma | Omble Dolly Varden | 127 cm | Mar–Nov |
| European flounder | Platichthys flesus | Flet commun | 60 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Flathead catfish | Pylodictis olivaris | Poisson-chat à tête plate | 155 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Freshwater drum | Aplodinotus grunniens | Tambour d'eau douce | 95 cm | Mar–Sep |
| Golden trout | Oncorhynchus aguabonita | Truite dorée de Californie | 71 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Goldeye | Hiodon alosoides | Laquaiche aux yeux d'or | 52 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Goldfish | Carassius auratus | Carassin doré | 48 cm | Apr–Oct |
| Grass carp | Ctenopharyngodon idella | Amour blanc | 150 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Great white shark | Carcharodon carcharias | Grand requin blanc | 640 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Green sunfish | Lepomis cyanellus | Crapet vert | 31 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Haddock | Melanogrammus aeglefinus | Églefin | 112 cm | Sep–Apr |
| Indonesian snakehead | Channa micropeltes | Giant snakehead | 130 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Lake sturgeon | Acipenser fulvescens | Esturgeon jaune | 270 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Lake trout | Salvelinus namaycush | Cristivomer | 150 cm | Jun–Feb |
| Lake whitefish | Coregonus clupeaformis | Corégone de lac | 100 cm | Sep–May |
| Little tunny | Euthynnus alletteratus | Thonine commune | 122 cm | Year-round |
| Longfin mako | Isurus paucus | Petit requin mako | 427 cm | Mar–Aug |
| Longnose gar | Lepisosteus osseus | Lépisosté osseux | 200 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Mirror carp | Cyprinus carpio (forme miroir) | Carpe miroir | 129 cm | Year-round |
| Mooneye | Hiodon tergisus | Laquaiche argentée | 47 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Mountain whitefish | Prosopium williamsoni | Corégone de montagne | 70 cm | May–Oct |
| Muskellunge | Esox masquinongy | Maskinongé | 183 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Northern pike | Esox lucius | Brochet | 137 cm | Sep–Nov |
| Pacific cod | Gadus macrocephalus | Morue du Pacifique | 119 cm | Sep–Feb |
| Pacific halibut | Hippoglossus stenolepis | Flétan du Pacifique | 258 cm | May–Oct |
| Piked dogfish | Squalus acanthias | Aiguillat commun | 160 cm | Sep–May |
| Pilotfish | Naucrates ductor | Poisson pilote | 70 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Pink salmon | Oncorhynchus gorbuscha | Saumon rose | 76 cm | Jun–Nov |
| Porbeagle | Lamna nasus | Requin taupe commun | 350 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Prussian carp | Carassius gibelio | Carassin argenté | 47 cm | Apr–Oct |
| Pumpkinseed | Lepomis gibbosus | Perche-soleil | 25 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Rainbow smelt | Osmerus mordax | Éperlan arc-en-ciel | 30 cm | Dec–May |
| Rainbow trout | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Truite arc-en-ciel | 123 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Redfin pickerel | Esox americanus | Brochet d'Amérique | Year-round | |
| Rock bass | Ambloplites rupestris | Crapet de roche | 43 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Round whitefish | Prosopium cylindraceum | Corégone rond | 59 cm | May–Oct |
| Rudd | Scardinius erythrophthalmus | Rotengle | 45 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Ruffe | Gymnocephalus cernua | Grémille | 29 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Saithe | Pollachius virens | Lieu noir (colin) | 130 cm | Sep–May |
| Sauger | Sander canadensis | Doré noir | 76 cm | Sep–May |
| Sheefish | Stenodus leucichthys | Inconnu | 150 cm | Jul–Mar |
| Siberian sturgeon | Acipenser baerii | Esturgeon sibérien | 200 cm | Year-round |
| Skipjack tuna | Katsuwonus pelamis | Bonite à ventre rayé | 110 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Smallmouth bass | Micropterus dolomieu | Black-bass à petite bouche | 69 cm | Apr–Oct |
| Sockeye salmon | Oncorhynchus nerka | Saumon rouge (sockeye) | 84 cm | Jun–Aug, Dec–Feb |
| Southern bluefin tuna | Thunnus maccoyii | Thon rouge du sud | 245 cm | Dec–May |
| Spotted gar | Lepisosteus oculatus | Lépisosté tacheté | 150 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Striped bass | Morone saxatilis | Bar rayé | 200 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Summer flounder | Paralichthys dentatus | Cardeau d'été | 94 cm | Apr–Nov |
| Swordfish | Xiphias gladius | Espadon | 455 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Tautog | Tautoga onitis | Tautogue | 91 cm | Apr–Jun, Oct–Dec |
| Tench | Tinca tinca | Tanche | 60 cm | Jul–Aug |
| Tope shark | Galeorhinus galeus | Milandre | 193 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Vendace | Coregonus albula | Corégone blanc | 48 cm | Year-round |
| Walleye | Sander vitreus | Doré jaune | 107 cm | Year-round |
| Warmouth | Lepomis gulosus | Crapet goulot | 31 cm | Mar–Nov |
| White bass | Morone chrysops | Bar blanc | 45 cm | Mar–Nov |
| White crappie | Pomoxis annularis | Marigane blanche | 53 cm | Mar–Nov |
| White mullet | Mugil curema | Mulet blanc | 91 cm | Year-round |
| White perch | Morone americana | Baret | 58 cm | Mar–Nov |
| White Sturgeon | Acipenser transmontanus | Esturgeon blanc | 610 cm | Mar–May, Sep–Nov |
| White sucker | Catostomus commersonii | Meunier noir | 65 cm | Apr–May |
| Yellow bullhead | Ameiurus natalis | Barbotte jaune | 60 cm | Mar–Nov |
| Yellowfin tuna | Thunnus albacares | Thon albacore | 239 cm | Jun–Aug |