SpeciesKnotsGuides

Fish of Canada

Millions of lakes, two oceans and a winter that locks the water up for months: Canada is a country of cold-water fishing, and its season resembles no other.

103 species documented

The country holds more lakes than the rest of the world combined. That abundance, left by the glaciers, shapes a freshwater fishery dominated by large, cold, deep waters where fish live long and grow slowly — a good specimen is often several decades old.

Ice structures the year. A great many waters stay frozen for months, and ice fishing is not a curiosity but a season in its own right, with its own tackle and its own marks. The thaw opens a short, intense window in spring when fish move onto warming shallows.

On the coasts, the contrast is clear between a Pacific worked by salmonid runs and a cold, productive North Atlantic. Between them, Hudson Bay and the Arctic hold a fauna adapted to conditions few species tolerate.

Freshwater60

Saltwater43

Species list

NameScientific nameIn FrenchMax sizeBest months
AlbacoreThunnus alalungaGermon140 cmMar–Sep
American eelAnguilla rostrataAnguille d'Amérique152 cmMar–Nov
American plaiceHippoglossoides platessoidesPlie canadienne83 cmMay–Oct
American yellow perchPerca flavescensPerche jaune50 cmYear-round
Amur carpCyprinus rubrofuscusCarpe de l'Amour28 cmMar–Nov
Arctic charSalvelinus alpinusOmble arctique107 cmJun–Feb
Arctic graylingThymallus arcticusOmbre arctique76 cmMay–Oct
Atlantic bluefin tunaThunnus thynnusThon rouge atlantique458 cmMay–Nov
Atlantic chub mackerelScomber coliasMaquereau espagnol55 cmMar–Nov
Atlantic codGadus morhuaCabillaud200 cmOct–Apr
Atlantic halibutHippoglossus hippoglossusFlétan atlantique470 cmApr–Oct
Atlantic mackerelScomber scombrusMaquereau commun60 cmApr–Sep
Atlantic salmonSalmo salarSaumon atlantique150 cmMar–Nov
Atlantic wolffishAnarhichas lupusLoup de mer atlantique150 cmOct–May
Bigeye tunaThunnus obesusThon obèse250 cmSep–Feb
Bigmouth buffaloIctiobus cyprinellusBuffalo à grande bouche123 cmMar–Aug
Black bullheadAmeiurus melasPoisson-chat66 cmMar–Nov
Black crappiePomoxis nigromaculatusMarigane noire49 cmMar–Nov
Black rockfishSebastes melanopsSébaste noir63 cmMay–Oct
Blue sharkPrionace glaucaRequin peau bleue400 cmJun–Nov
BluefishPomatomus saltatrixTassergal130 cmMar–Nov
BluegillLepomis macrochirusCrapet arlequin41 cmMar–Nov
BowfinAmia calvaAmie chauve109 cmMar–Nov
Brook troutSalvelinus fontinalisOmble de fontaine60 cmMar–Nov
Brown bullheadAmeiurus nebulosusBarbotte brune55 cmMar–Nov
Bull troutSalvelinus confluentusOmble à tête plate103 cmMar–Nov
BurbotLota lotaLotte de rivière152 cmSep–May
Chain pickerelEsox nigerBrochet maillé99 cmYear-round
Channel catfishIctalurus punctatusBarbue de rivière132 cmMar–Nov
Chinook salmonOncorhynchus tshawytschaSaumon chinook (roi)150 cmJun–Feb
Chub mackerelScomber japonicusMaquereau japonais64 cmMar–Nov
Chum salmonOncorhynchus ketaSaumon kéta (chien)100 cmJun–Feb
CiscoCoregonus artediCisco de lac57 cmSep–May
Coho salmonOncorhynchus kisutchSaumon coho (argenté)108 cmJun–Feb
Common carpCyprinus carpioCarpe commune129 cmJul–Sep
Common daceLeuciscus leuciscusVandoise40 cmMar–Oct
Common dolphinfishCoryphaena hippurusCoryphène commune210 cmMar–Nov
Crevalle jackCaranx hipposCarangue crevalle124 cmMar–Aug
Cutthroat troutOncorhynchus clarkiiTruite fardée99 cmMar–Nov
Dolly VardenSalvelinus malmaOmble Dolly Varden127 cmMar–Nov
European flounderPlatichthys flesusFlet commun60 cmMar–Nov
Flathead catfishPylodictis olivarisPoisson-chat à tête plate155 cmMar–Nov
Freshwater drumAplodinotus grunniensTambour d'eau douce95 cmMar–Sep
Golden troutOncorhynchus aguabonitaTruite dorée de Californie71 cmJun–Nov
GoldeyeHiodon alosoidesLaquaiche aux yeux d'or52 cmMar–Nov
GoldfishCarassius auratusCarassin doré48 cmApr–Oct
Grass carpCtenopharyngodon idellaAmour blanc150 cmMar–Nov
Great white sharkCarcharodon carchariasGrand requin blanc640 cmJun–Nov
Green sunfishLepomis cyanellusCrapet vert31 cmMar–Nov
HaddockMelanogrammus aeglefinusÉglefin112 cmSep–Apr
Indonesian snakeheadChanna micropeltesGiant snakehead130 cmMar–Nov
Lake sturgeonAcipenser fulvescensEsturgeon jaune270 cmMar–Nov
Lake troutSalvelinus namaycushCristivomer150 cmJun–Feb
Lake whitefishCoregonus clupeaformisCorégone de lac100 cmSep–May
Little tunnyEuthynnus alletteratusThonine commune122 cmYear-round
Longfin makoIsurus paucusPetit requin mako427 cmMar–Aug
Longnose garLepisosteus osseusLépisosté osseux200 cmMar–Nov
Mirror carpCyprinus carpio (forme miroir)Carpe miroir129 cmYear-round
MooneyeHiodon tergisusLaquaiche argentée47 cmMar–Nov
Mountain whitefishProsopium williamsoniCorégone de montagne70 cmMay–Oct
MuskellungeEsox masquinongyMaskinongé183 cmMar–Nov
Northern pikeEsox luciusBrochet137 cmSep–Nov
Pacific codGadus macrocephalusMorue du Pacifique119 cmSep–Feb
Pacific halibutHippoglossus stenolepisFlétan du Pacifique258 cmMay–Oct
Piked dogfishSqualus acanthiasAiguillat commun160 cmSep–May
PilotfishNaucrates ductorPoisson pilote70 cmJun–Nov
Pink salmonOncorhynchus gorbuschaSaumon rose76 cmJun–Nov
PorbeagleLamna nasusRequin taupe commun350 cmMar–Nov
Prussian carpCarassius gibelioCarassin argenté47 cmApr–Oct
PumpkinseedLepomis gibbosusPerche-soleil25 cmMar–Nov
Rainbow smeltOsmerus mordaxÉperlan arc-en-ciel30 cmDec–May
Rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykissTruite arc-en-ciel123 cmMar–Nov
Redfin pickerelEsox americanusBrochet d'AmériqueYear-round
Rock bassAmbloplites rupestrisCrapet de roche43 cmMar–Nov
Round whitefishProsopium cylindraceumCorégone rond59 cmMay–Oct
RuddScardinius erythrophthalmusRotengle45 cmMar–Nov
RuffeGymnocephalus cernuaGrémille29 cmMar–Nov
SaithePollachius virensLieu noir (colin)130 cmSep–May
SaugerSander canadensisDoré noir76 cmSep–May
SheefishStenodus leucichthysInconnu150 cmJul–Mar
Siberian sturgeonAcipenser baeriiEsturgeon sibérien200 cmYear-round
Skipjack tunaKatsuwonus pelamisBonite à ventre rayé110 cmMar–Nov
Smallmouth bassMicropterus dolomieuBlack-bass à petite bouche69 cmApr–Oct
Sockeye salmonOncorhynchus nerkaSaumon rouge (sockeye)84 cmJun–Aug, Dec–Feb
Southern bluefin tunaThunnus maccoyiiThon rouge du sud245 cmDec–May
Spotted garLepisosteus oculatusLépisosté tacheté150 cmMar–Nov
Striped bassMorone saxatilisBar rayé200 cmMar–Nov
Summer flounderParalichthys dentatusCardeau d'été94 cmApr–Nov
SwordfishXiphias gladiusEspadon455 cmMar–Nov
TautogTautoga onitisTautogue91 cmApr–Jun, Oct–Dec
TenchTinca tincaTanche60 cmJul–Aug
Tope sharkGaleorhinus galeusMilandre193 cmMar–Nov
VendaceCoregonus albulaCorégone blanc48 cmYear-round
WalleyeSander vitreusDoré jaune107 cmYear-round
WarmouthLepomis gulosusCrapet goulot31 cmMar–Nov
White bassMorone chrysopsBar blanc45 cmMar–Nov
White crappiePomoxis annularisMarigane blanche53 cmMar–Nov
White mulletMugil curemaMulet blanc91 cmYear-round
White perchMorone americanaBaret58 cmMar–Nov
White SturgeonAcipenser transmontanusEsturgeon blanc610 cmMar–May, Sep–Nov
White suckerCatostomus commersoniiMeunier noir65 cmApr–May
Yellow bullheadAmeiurus natalisBarbotte jaune60 cmMar–Nov
Yellowfin tunaThunnus albacaresThon albacore239 cmJun–Aug