SpeciesKnotsGuides

Fish of France

Four sea frontages, five major river basins and everything from the Alps to the Pyrenees: few countries offer so many different fishing environments in so small an area.

139 species documented

France is one of the few European countries bordered by the Channel, the Atlantic and the Mediterranean at once. None of the three shares a tide, a temperature or a species list: you go from a tidal range of over ten metres in the Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel to a virtually tideless Mediterranean, and shore fishing bears no resemblance between them.

Inland, the Loire, the Seine, the Rhône, the Garonne and the Rhine drain very different landscapes. The headwaters of the Massif Central and the Alps carry cold salmonid rivers; the slower, wider middle and lower reaches are the domain of predators and cyprinids. The canal network linking these basins since the seventeenth century has moved species far beyond their original range.

The climate spreads the season out. Fishing starts earlier in the southwest than in the east, and one species may spawn several weeks apart between Brittany and Provence — the periods given on each page hold for a national average, not for a given département.

Saltwater87

Freshwater52

Species list

NameScientific nameIn FrenchMax sizeBest months
Adriatic sturgeonAcipenser naccariiEsturgeon de l'Adriatique200 cmMar–Nov
AlbacoreThunnus alalungaGermon140 cmMar–Sep
Amur carpCyprinus rubrofuscusCarpe de l'Amour28 cmMar–Nov
Aquitanian pikeEsox aquitanicusBrochet aquitain100 cmYear-round
Arctic charSalvelinus alpinusOmble arctique107 cmJun–Feb
AspLeuciscus aspiusAspe120 cmApr–Oct
Atlantic bluefin tunaThunnus thynnusThon rouge atlantique458 cmMay–Nov
Atlantic bonitoSarda sardaBonite à dos rayé91.4 cmMar–Nov
Atlantic codGadus morhuaCabillaud200 cmOct–Apr
Atlantic horse mackerelTrachurus trachurusChinchard commun70 cmJun–Nov
Atlantic mackerelScomber scombrusMaquereau commun60 cmApr–Sep
Atlantic salmonSalmo salarSaumon atlantique150 cmMar–Nov
Axillary seabreamPagellus acarnePageot acarné36 cmMar–Nov
BarbelBarbus barbusBarbeau fluviatile120 cmMar–Jun, Sep–Oct
Bigeye tunaThunnus obesusThon obèse250 cmSep–Feb
Bighead carpHypophthalmichthys nobilisCarpe à grosse tête146 cmApr–Oct
Black bullheadAmeiurus melasPoisson-chat66 cmMar–Nov
Black seabreamSpondyliosoma cantharusDorade grise (griset)60 cmMar–Nov
Blackspot seabreamPagellus bogaraveoPageot rose70 cmYear-round
BleakAlburnus alburnusAblette18 cmApr–Oct
Blue sharkPrionace glaucaRequin peau bleue400 cmJun–Nov
BluefishPomatomus saltatrixTassergal130 cmMar–Nov
Boxlip mulletOedalechilus labeoMulet labéon25 cmMar–Sep
BrillScophthalmus rhombusBarbue75 cmApr–Oct
Brook troutSalvelinus fontinalisOmble de fontaine60 cmMar–Nov
Brown troutSalmo trutta farioTruite fario60 cmApr–May
BurbotLota lotaLotte de rivière152 cmSep–May
ChubSqualius cephalusChevesne60 cmApr–Oct
Chub mackerelScomber japonicusMaquereau japonais64 cmMar–Nov
ComberSerranus cabrillaSerran chevrette40 cmApr–Oct
Common carpCyprinus carpioCarpe commune129 cmJul–Sep
Common dabLimanda limandaLimande commune40 cmMar–Nov
Common daceLeuciscus leuciscusVandoise40 cmMar–Oct
Common dentexDentex dentexDenté commun100 cmMar–Nov
Common dolphinfishCoryphaena hippurusCoryphène commune210 cmMar–Nov
Common naseChondrostoma nasusNase50 cmMar–Oct
Common pandoraPagellus erythrinusPageot commun60 cmMar–Nov
Common soleSolea soleaSole commune70 cmMar–Nov
Common two-banded seabreamDiplodus vulgarisSar à tête noire45 cmMar–Nov
Crucian carpCarassius carassiusCarassin commun64 cmApr–Oct
Dusky grouperEpinephelus marginatusMérou brun150 cmMar–Nov
European barracudaSphyraena sphyraenaBarracuda européen165 cmMar–Nov
European congerConger congerCongre300 cmJun–Nov
European eelAnguilla anguillaAnguille européenne130 cmMar–Nov
European flounderPlatichthys flesusFlet commun60 cmMar–Nov
European graylingThymallus thymallusOmbre commun60 cmJun–Aug
European hakeMerluccius merlucciusMerlu européen140 cmMar–Nov
European perchPerca fluviatilisPerche commune50 cmSep–Oct
European plaicePleuronectes platessaPlie commune100 cmMar–Oct
European seabassDicentrarchus labraxBar commun (loup)103 cmJun–Oct
European SmeltOsmerus eperlanusÉperlan d'Europe30 cmSep–Apr
European sturgeonAcipenser sturioEsturgeon européen300 cmMar–Nov
European whitefishCoregonus lavaretusCorégone73 cmSep–May
Flathead grey mulletMugil cephalusMulet cabot100 cmMar–Nov
Freshwater breamAbramis bramaBrème commune82 cmApr–Oct
GarfishBelone beloneOrphie94 cmMar–Oct
Gilthead seabreamSparus aurataDaurade royale70 cmMar–Nov
Goldblotch grouperEpinephelus costaeMérou badèche140 cmMar–Nov
Golden grey mulletChelon auratusMulet doré61 cmMar–Nov
GoldfishCarassius auratusCarassin doré48 cmApr–Oct
Grass carpCtenopharyngodon idellaAmour blanc150 cmMar–Nov
Great barracudaSphyraena barracudaGrand barracuda200 cmYear-round
Greater amberjackSeriola dumeriliSériole couronnée190 cmMar–Nov
GudgeonGobio gobioGoujon20 cmApr–Oct
IdeLeuciscus idusIde mélanote80 cmApr–Oct
Indo-Pacific sailfishIstiophorus platypterusVoilier indo-pacifique348 cmYear-round
Italian riffle daceTelestes muticellusBlageon italien15 cmApr–Jun, Sep–Oct
John DoryZeus faberSaint-Pierre90 cmMar–Nov
Lacustrine brown troutSalmo trutta lacustrisTruite de lac100 cmMar–Nov
Lake charrSalvelinus umblaOmble des lacs80 cmSep–May
Lake troutSalvelinus namaycushCristivomer150 cmJun–Feb
Largemouth bassMicropterus salmoidesBlack-bass à grande bouche97 cmJul–Sep
Leaping mulletChelon saliensMulet sauteur40 cmApr–Oct
Lemon soleMicrostomus kittLimande-sole65 cmApr–Oct
Lesser spotted dogfishScyliorhinus caniculaPetite roussette100 cmMar–Nov
Little tunnyEuthynnus alletteratusThonine commune122 cmYear-round
Mackerel scadDecapterus macarellusComète maquereau46 cmYear-round
MeagreArgyrosomus regiusMaigre commun230 cmYear-round
Mediterranean barbelBarbus meridionalisBarbeau méridional30 cmMar–May, Sep–Oct
Mediterranean spearfishTetrapturus beloneMakaire méditerranéen240 cmJun–Nov
Mirror carpCyprinus carpio (forme miroir)Carpe miroir129 cmYear-round
Mottled grouperMycteroperca rubraMérou royal144 cmApr–Oct
Northern pikeEsox luciusBrochet137 cmSep–Nov
NursehoundScyliorhinus stellarisGrande roussette170 cmMar–Nov
Painted comberSerranus scribaSerran écriture36 cmApr–Oct
Pike-perchSander luciopercaSandre100 cmSep–Nov
Piked dogfishSqualus acanthiasAiguillat commun160 cmSep–May
PilotfishNaucrates ductorPoisson pilote70 cmJun–Nov
PollackPollachius pollachiusLieu jaune130 cmSep–Apr
PompanoTrachinotus ovatusPalomine70 cmMar–Nov
Pompano dolphinfishCoryphaena equiselisPetite coryphène146 cmMar–Aug
Poor codTrisopterus minutusCapelan40 cmMar–Nov
PorbeagleLamna nasusRequin taupe commun350 cmMar–Nov
PoutingTrisopterus luscusTacaud46 cmMar–Nov
Prussian carpCarassius gibelioCarassin argenté47 cmApr–Oct
PumpkinseedLepomis gibbosusPerche-soleil25 cmMar–Nov
Rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykissTruite arc-en-ciel123 cmMar–Nov
Red porgyPagrus pagrusPagre commun91 cmYear-round
RoachRutilus rutilusGardon50 cmMar–Oct
Rock bassAmbloplites rupestrisCrapet de roche43 cmMar–Nov
RuddScardinius erythrophthalmusRotengle45 cmMar–Nov
RuffeGymnocephalus cernuaGrémille29 cmMar–Nov
Saddled seabreamOblada melanuraOblade37 cmMar–Nov
SaithePollachius virensLieu noir (colin)130 cmSep–May
SalemaSarpa salpaSaupe51 cmMar–Nov
Sand steenbrasLithognathus mormyrusMarbré55 cmMar–Nov
Sandbar sharkCarcharhinus plumbeusRequin gris300 cmMar–Nov
SchneiderAlburnoides bipunctatusSpirlin15 cmMar–Nov
Senegalese soleSolea senegalensisSole sénégalaise60 cmMar–Oct
Sharpsnout seabreamDiplodus puntazzoSar à museau pointu60 cmMar–Nov
Shortfin makoIsurus oxyrinchusRequin mako445 cmMar–Nov
Siberian sturgeonAcipenser baeriiEsturgeon sibérien200 cmYear-round
Silky sharkCarcharhinus falciformisRequin soyeux350 cmJun–Nov
Silver carpHypophthalmichthys molitrixCarpe argentée110 cmApr–Oct
Skipjack tunaKatsuwonus pelamisBonite à ventre rayé110 cmMar–Nov
Smallmouth bassMicropterus dolomieuBlack-bass à petite bouche69 cmApr–Oct
Smooth-houndMustelus mustelusÉmissole lisse200 cmMar–Nov
Souffia chubTelestes souffiaBlageon20 cmApr–Sep
Southern bluefin tunaThunnus maccoyiiThon rouge du sud245 cmDec–May
Southwest European naseParachondrostoma toxostomaToxostome30 cmMar–Sep
Spotted seabassDicentrarchus punctatusBar tacheté70 cmMar–Nov
Starry smooth-houndMustelus asteriasÉmissole tachetée154 cmMar–Nov
SterletAcipenser ruthenusSterlet125 cmMar–Nov
Striped marlinKajikia audaxMakaire rayé420 cmMar–Nov
SwordfishXiphias gladiusEspadon455 cmMar–Nov
TenchTinca tincaTanche60 cmJul–Aug
Thicklip grey mulletChelon labrosusMulet lippu75 cmYear-round
Thinlip grey mulletChelon ramadaMulet porc70 cmMar–Nov
Tiger sharkGaleocerdo cuvierRequin tigre750 cmJun–Nov
Tope sharkGaleorhinus galeusMilandre193 cmMar–Nov
TurbotScophthalmus maximusTurbot100 cmApr–Oct
VendaceCoregonus albulaCorégone blanc48 cmYear-round
Wels catfishSilurus glanisSilure glane273 cmJul–Aug
White breamBlicca bjoerknaBrème blanche46 cmApr–Oct
White seabreamDiplodus sargusSar commun45 cmMar–Nov
WhitingMerlangius merlangusMerlan91.5 cmOct–Apr
WreckfishPolyprion americanusCernier commun210 cmMar–Nov
Yellowfin tunaThunnus albacaresThon albacore239 cmJun–Aug
Zebra seabreamDiplodus cervinusSar tambour55 cmMar–Nov